TY - JOUR
T1 - Visual Coronary and Aortic Calcium Scoring on Chest Computed Tomography Predict Mortality in Patients With Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol ≥190 mg/dL
AU - Castagna, Francesco
AU - Miles, Jeremy
AU - Arce, Javier
AU - Leiderman, Ephraim
AU - Neshiwat, Patrick
AU - Ippolito, Paul
AU - Friedmann, Patricia
AU - Schenone, Aldo
AU - Zhang, Lili
AU - Rodriguez, Carlos J.
AU - Blaha, Michael J.
AU - Levsky, Jeffrey M.
AU - Garcia, Mario J.
AU - Slipczuk, Leandro
N1 - Funding Information:
Dr Castagna is supported by a grant from the NIH (T32HL144456) and the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) Clinical and Translational Science Award at Einstein-Montefiore (UL1TR001073). Dr Zhang is supported by a grant from the New York Academy of Medicine. Dr Blaha has received Grants from NIH, US Food and Drug Administration, American Heart Association, Amgen, Novo Nordisk, Bayer; participated on Advisory Boards for Amgen, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Bayer, Roche, 89Bio, Kaleido, Inozyme and works as a Consultant for Kowa and emocha. Dr Rodriguez is supported by grants from the NIH (R01 HL04199, 75N92019D00011, 1U01HL146204-01, 5R01HL144707) and the American Heart Association (5P50HL120163-04) and has participated on Advisory Boards for Amgen and has worked as a Consultant for Merck. Dr Slipczuk has worked as a Consultant for Amgen and participated on the Advisory Boards for Esperion and Regeneron.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology.
PY - 2022/6/1
Y1 - 2022/6/1
N2 - Background: Current guidelines recommend coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring for stratification of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk only in patients with borderline to intermediate risk score by the pooled cohort equation with low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) of 70 to 190 mg/dL. It remains unknown if CAC or thoracic aorta calcification (TAC), detected on routine chest computed tomography, can provide further risk stratification in patients with LDL-C≥190 mg/dL. Methods: From a multisite medical center, we retrospectively identified all patients from March 2005 to June 2021 age ≥40 years, without established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and LDL-C≥190 mg/dL who had non-gated non-contrast chest computed tomography within 3 years of LDL-C measurement. Ordinal CAC and TAC scores were measured by visual inspection. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable Cox-regression models were built to ascertain the association of CAC and TAC scores with all-cause mortality. Results: We included 811 patients with median age 59 (53-68) years, 262 (32.3%) were male, and LDL-C median level was 203 (194-217) mg/dL. Patients were followed for 6.2 (3.29-9.81) years, and 109 (13.4%) died. Overall, 376 (46.4%) of patients had CAC=0 and 226 (27.9%) had TAC=0. All-cause mortality increased with any CAC and moderate to severe TAC. In a multivariate model, patients with CAC had a significantly higher mortality compared with those without CAC: mild hazard ratio (HR), 1.71 (1.03-2.83), moderate HR, 2.12 (1.14-3.94), and severe HR, 3.49 (1.94-6.27). Patients with moderate TAC (HR, 2.34 [1.19-4.59]) and those with severe TAC (HR, 3.02 [1.36-6.74]) had higher mortality than those without TAC. Conclusions: In patients without history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and LDL-C≥190 mg/dL, the presence and severity of CAC and TAC are independently associated with all-cause mortality.
AB - Background: Current guidelines recommend coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring for stratification of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk only in patients with borderline to intermediate risk score by the pooled cohort equation with low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) of 70 to 190 mg/dL. It remains unknown if CAC or thoracic aorta calcification (TAC), detected on routine chest computed tomography, can provide further risk stratification in patients with LDL-C≥190 mg/dL. Methods: From a multisite medical center, we retrospectively identified all patients from March 2005 to June 2021 age ≥40 years, without established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and LDL-C≥190 mg/dL who had non-gated non-contrast chest computed tomography within 3 years of LDL-C measurement. Ordinal CAC and TAC scores were measured by visual inspection. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable Cox-regression models were built to ascertain the association of CAC and TAC scores with all-cause mortality. Results: We included 811 patients with median age 59 (53-68) years, 262 (32.3%) were male, and LDL-C median level was 203 (194-217) mg/dL. Patients were followed for 6.2 (3.29-9.81) years, and 109 (13.4%) died. Overall, 376 (46.4%) of patients had CAC=0 and 226 (27.9%) had TAC=0. All-cause mortality increased with any CAC and moderate to severe TAC. In a multivariate model, patients with CAC had a significantly higher mortality compared with those without CAC: mild hazard ratio (HR), 1.71 (1.03-2.83), moderate HR, 2.12 (1.14-3.94), and severe HR, 3.49 (1.94-6.27). Patients with moderate TAC (HR, 2.34 [1.19-4.59]) and those with severe TAC (HR, 3.02 [1.36-6.74]) had higher mortality than those without TAC. Conclusions: In patients without history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and LDL-C≥190 mg/dL, the presence and severity of CAC and TAC are independently associated with all-cause mortality.
KW - calcium
KW - coronary artery
KW - risk factor
KW - thoracic artery calcification
KW - tomography
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U2 - 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.122.014135
DO - 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.122.014135
M3 - Article
C2 - 35727870
AN - SCOPUS:85132275814
SN - 1941-9651
VL - 15
SP - E014135
JO - Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging
JF - Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging
IS - 6
ER -
