Tube feeding: Techniques and procedure

Enteral nutrition is the preferred means of nutrient delivery for patients with an intact and functional GI tract. Enteral access can be achieved by various techniques. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is now the technique of choice for long-term enteral feeding and benefits most patients. Each technique involves placement of a gastrostomy tube at a point where the stomach and abdominal wall are in closest contact. PEG is a bedside procedure without general anesthesia. Feeding can begin within 24 h of placement. Major complications (peritonitis, bleeding, perforation, and pulmonary aspiration) occur infrequently. PEG feeding does not improve function, nutrition, or quality of life in patients with dementia. Selection of patients for PEG requires a multidisciplinary team approach.