TY - JOUR
T1 - The timing and laminar profile of converging inputs to multisensory areas of the macaque neocortex
AU - Schroeder, Charles E.
AU - Foxe, John J.
N1 - Funding Information:
Sincere appreciation to T. McGinnis, Deirdre Foxe and Noelle O’Connell for their valuable technical and conceptual assistance. This work was supported in part by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health (MH61989-CES, MH60358-CES, MH63434-JJF).
Copyright:
Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2002
Y1 - 2002
N2 - Two fundamental requirements for multisensory integration are convergence of unisensory (e.g. visual and auditory) inputs and temporal alignment of the neural responses to convergent inputs. We investigated the anatomic mechanisms of multisensory convergence by examining three areas in which convergence occurs, posterior auditory association cortex, superior temporal polysensory area (STP) and ventral intraparietal sulcus area (VIP). The first of these was recently shown to be a site of multisensory convergence and the latter two are more well known as 'classic' multisensory regions. In each case, we focused on defining the laminar profile of response to the unisensory inputs. This information is useful because two major types of connection, feedforward and feedback, have characteristic differences in laminar termination patterns, which manifest physiologically. In the same multisensory convergence areas we also examined the timing of the unisensory inputs using the same standardized stimuli across all recordings. Our findings indicate that: (1) like somatosensory input [J. Neurophysiol., 85 (2001) 1322], visual input is available at very early stages of auditory processing, (2) convergence occurs through feedback, as well as feedforward anatomical projections and (3) input timing may be an asset, as well as a constraint in multisensory processing.
AB - Two fundamental requirements for multisensory integration are convergence of unisensory (e.g. visual and auditory) inputs and temporal alignment of the neural responses to convergent inputs. We investigated the anatomic mechanisms of multisensory convergence by examining three areas in which convergence occurs, posterior auditory association cortex, superior temporal polysensory area (STP) and ventral intraparietal sulcus area (VIP). The first of these was recently shown to be a site of multisensory convergence and the latter two are more well known as 'classic' multisensory regions. In each case, we focused on defining the laminar profile of response to the unisensory inputs. This information is useful because two major types of connection, feedforward and feedback, have characteristic differences in laminar termination patterns, which manifest physiologically. In the same multisensory convergence areas we also examined the timing of the unisensory inputs using the same standardized stimuli across all recordings. Our findings indicate that: (1) like somatosensory input [J. Neurophysiol., 85 (2001) 1322], visual input is available at very early stages of auditory processing, (2) convergence occurs through feedback, as well as feedforward anatomical projections and (3) input timing may be an asset, as well as a constraint in multisensory processing.
KW - Current source density
KW - ERP
KW - Feedback
KW - Multisensory
KW - Temporal coincidence
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0036594260&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0036594260&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0926-6410(02)00073-3
DO - 10.1016/S0926-6410(02)00073-3
M3 - Article
C2 - 12063142
AN - SCOPUS:0036594260
SN - 0926-6410
VL - 14
SP - 187
EP - 198
JO - Cognitive Brain Research
JF - Cognitive Brain Research
IS - 1
ER -