TY - JOUR
T1 - The carbon isotope ratios of serum amino acids in combination with participant characteristics can be used to estimate added sugar intake in a controlled feeding study of US postmenopausal women
AU - Yun, Hee Young
AU - Tinker, Lesley F.
AU - Neuhouser, Marian L.
AU - Schoeller, Dale A.
AU - Mossavar-Rahmani, Yasmin
AU - Snetselaar, Linda G.
AU - van Horn, Linda V.
AU - Eaton, Charles B.
AU - Prentice, Ross L.
AU - Lampe, Johanna W.
AU - O’Brien, Diane M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © The Author(s) on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition 2020.
PY - 2020/10/1
Y1 - 2020/10/1
N2 - Background: The carbon isotope ratio (CIR) is a proposed biomarker for added sugar (AS) intake in the United States; however, because the CIR is also associated with meat intake in most populations the need for specificity remains. The CIR of amino acids (AAs) has the potential to differentiate sugars from meat intakes, because essential AAs must derive from dietary protein whereas certain nonessential AAs can be synthesized from sugars. Objectives: We tested whether serum CIR-AAs in combination with participant characteristics could meet a prespecified biomarker criterion for AS intake in the Nutrition and Physical Activity Assessment Study Feeding Study (NPAAS-FS) of the Women’s Health Initiative, a population in which the whole-serum CIR was not associated with AS intake. Methods: Postmenopausal women (n = 145) from Seattle, WA, were provided with individualized diets that approximated their habitual food intakes for 2 wk. Dietary intakes from consumed foods were characterized over the feeding period using the Nutrition Data System for Research. The CIR of 7 AAs—Ala, Gly, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, and Phe—were measured in fasting serum collected at the end of the 2-wk feeding period, using gas chromatography–combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Biomarker models were evaluated using regression R2 ≥ 0.36 as a major biomarker criterion, based on the benchmark R2 values of well-established recovery biomarkers in the NPAAS-FS. Results: AS intake was associated with CIR-Ala (ρ = 0.32; P < 0.0001). A model of AS intake based on CIR-Ala, CIR-Gly, CIR-Ile, smoking, leisure physical activity, and body weight met the biomarker criterion (R2 = 0.37). Biomarker-estimated AS intake was not associated with meat or animal protein intake. Conclusions: Results support serum CIR-AAs in combination with participant characteristics as potential biomarkers of AS intake in US populations, including those with low AS intake. The Women’s Health Initiative is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00000611). J Nutr 2020;150:2764–2771.
AB - Background: The carbon isotope ratio (CIR) is a proposed biomarker for added sugar (AS) intake in the United States; however, because the CIR is also associated with meat intake in most populations the need for specificity remains. The CIR of amino acids (AAs) has the potential to differentiate sugars from meat intakes, because essential AAs must derive from dietary protein whereas certain nonessential AAs can be synthesized from sugars. Objectives: We tested whether serum CIR-AAs in combination with participant characteristics could meet a prespecified biomarker criterion for AS intake in the Nutrition and Physical Activity Assessment Study Feeding Study (NPAAS-FS) of the Women’s Health Initiative, a population in which the whole-serum CIR was not associated with AS intake. Methods: Postmenopausal women (n = 145) from Seattle, WA, were provided with individualized diets that approximated their habitual food intakes for 2 wk. Dietary intakes from consumed foods were characterized over the feeding period using the Nutrition Data System for Research. The CIR of 7 AAs—Ala, Gly, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, and Phe—were measured in fasting serum collected at the end of the 2-wk feeding period, using gas chromatography–combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Biomarker models were evaluated using regression R2 ≥ 0.36 as a major biomarker criterion, based on the benchmark R2 values of well-established recovery biomarkers in the NPAAS-FS. Results: AS intake was associated with CIR-Ala (ρ = 0.32; P < 0.0001). A model of AS intake based on CIR-Ala, CIR-Gly, CIR-Ile, smoking, leisure physical activity, and body weight met the biomarker criterion (R2 = 0.37). Biomarker-estimated AS intake was not associated with meat or animal protein intake. Conclusions: Results support serum CIR-AAs in combination with participant characteristics as potential biomarkers of AS intake in US populations, including those with low AS intake. The Women’s Health Initiative is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00000611). J Nutr 2020;150:2764–2771.
KW - Added sugar
KW - Amino acid carbon isotope ratios
KW - Controlled feeding study
KW - Dietary biomarker
KW - Nutrition
KW - Physical Activity Study Feeding Study (NPAAS-FS)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85092945132&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85092945132&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/jn/nxaa195
DO - 10.1093/jn/nxaa195
M3 - Article
C2 - 32712658
AN - SCOPUS:85092945132
SN - 0022-3166
VL - 150
SP - 2764
EP - 2771
JO - Journal of Nutrition
JF - Journal of Nutrition
IS - 10
ER -