TY - JOUR
T1 - Role of Astrocytes in Brain Function and Disease
AU - Sidoryk-Wegrzynowicz, Marta
AU - Wegrzynowicz, Michal
AU - Lee, Eunsook
AU - Bowman, Aaron B.
AU - Aschner, Michael
N1 - Funding Information:
This article was supported in part by a Public Health Service Grant from the National Institutes of Health, NIEHS 07331, NIEHS 016931, and NIEHS 10563.
PY - 2011/1
Y1 - 2011/1
N2 - Astrocytes assume multiple roles in maintaining an optimally suited milieu for neuronal function. Select astrocytic functions include the maintenance of redox potential, the production of trophic factors, the regulation of neurotransmitter and ion concentrations, and the removal of toxins and debris from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Impairments in these and other functions, as well as physiological reactions of astrocytes to injury, can trigger or exacerbate neuronal dysfunction. This review addresses select metabolic interactions between neurons and astrocytes and emphasizes the role of astrocytes in mediating and amplifying the progression of several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), hepatic encephalopathy (HE), hyperammonemia (HA), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and ischemia.
AB - Astrocytes assume multiple roles in maintaining an optimally suited milieu for neuronal function. Select astrocytic functions include the maintenance of redox potential, the production of trophic factors, the regulation of neurotransmitter and ion concentrations, and the removal of toxins and debris from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Impairments in these and other functions, as well as physiological reactions of astrocytes to injury, can trigger or exacerbate neuronal dysfunction. This review addresses select metabolic interactions between neurons and astrocytes and emphasizes the role of astrocytes in mediating and amplifying the progression of several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), hepatic encephalopathy (HE), hyperammonemia (HA), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and ischemia.
KW - astrocyte
KW - nervous system
KW - neurodegenerative diseases
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U2 - 10.1177/0192623310385254
DO - 10.1177/0192623310385254
M3 - Article
C2 - 21075920
AN - SCOPUS:79959492122
SN - 0192-6233
VL - 39
SP - 115
EP - 123
JO - Toxicologic pathology
JF - Toxicologic pathology
IS - 1
ER -