@article{bcdc4cc2f8f34df4b3c4b7af4a6604d8,
title = "Risk factors for endometrial cancer in Black women",
abstract = "Purpose: The incidence of endometrial cancer (EC) has been increasing faster among Black women than among other racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Although the mortality rate is nearly twice as high among Black than White women, there is a paucity of literature on risk factors for EC among Black women, particularly regarding menopausal hormone use and severe obesity. Methods: We pooled questionnaire data on 811 EC cases and 3,124 controls from eight studies with data on self-identified Black women (4 case–control and 4 cohort studies). We analyzed cohort studies as nested case–control studies with up to 4 controls selected per case. We used logistic regression to estimate multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: We observed a positive association between BMI and EC incidence (Ptrend < 0.0001) The OR comparing BMI ≥ 40 vs. < 25 kg/m2 was 3.92 (95% CI 2.91, 5.27). Abdominal obesity among those with BMI < 30 kg/m2 was not appreciably associated with EC risk (OR 1.21, 95% CI 0.74, 1.99). Associations of reproductive history with EC were similar to those observed in studies of White women. Long-term use of estrogen-only menopausal hormones was associated with an increased risk of EC (≥ 5 years vs. never use: OR 2.08, 95% CI: 1.06, 4.06). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the associations of established risk factors with EC are similar between Black and White women. Other explanations, such as differences in the prevalence of known risk factors or previously unidentified risk factors likely underlie the recent increases in EC incidence among Black women.",
keywords = "Black women, Endometrial cancer, Exogenous hormones, Obesity, Reproductive history",
author = "Sponholtz, {Todd R.} and Palmer, {Julie R.} and Lynn Rosenberg and Chu Chen and Yu Chen and Clarke, {Megan A.} and Tess Clendenen and Mengmeng Du and Lisa Johnson and Liao, {Linda M.} and Michels, {Kara A.} and Kelli O{\textquoteright}Connell and Olson, {Sara H.} and Stacey Petruzella and Rebbeck, {Timothy R.} and Setiawan, {Veronica Wendy} and Britton Trabert and Weiss, {Noel S.} and Nicholas Wentzensen and Lynne Wilkens and Wise, {Lauren A.}",
note = "Funding Information: Black Women{\textquoteright}s Health Study, Case–Control Surveillance Study: This work was supported by National Cancer Institute grants R01-CA58420, UM1-CA164974, and R03-CA169888. Estrogen, Diet, Genetics and Endometrial Cancer Study: NIH Grant R01 CA83918. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Studies: NIH Grants R35 CA39779, R01 CA75977, R03 CA80636, N01 HD23166, K05 CA92002, R01 CA105212, R01 CA87538 and funds from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center: The E2C2 Data Coordinating Center at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and multiple authors are supported by the National Cancer institute grant U01 CA250476. The Data Coordinating Center is additionally supported by NCI P30 CA008748. Multiethnic Cohort Study: NIH Grants CA164973, CA054281, and CA063464. National Institute of Health American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study: This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Cancer Institute (NCI). New York University Women{\textquoteright}s Health Study: NIH Grants R01 CA098661 and P30 CA016087 and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Grant ES000260. Women{\textquoteright}s Insight and Shared Experience Study: NIH Grant P01 CA77596. Other support: NIH grant T32 HL125232 and T32 2 HL007224. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.",
year = "2023",
month = may,
doi = "10.1007/s10552-022-01653-z",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "34",
pages = "421--430",
journal = "Cancer Causes and Control",
issn = "0957-5243",
publisher = "Springer Netherlands",
number = "5",
}
