Pulsed-Field Ablation Does Not Worsen Baseline Pulmonary Hypertension Following Prior Radiofrequency Ablations

Background: Studies have reported development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to reduced LA compliance following AF ablation. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the risk of worsening of baseline PH between non-paroxysmal AF patients undergoing pulsed-field ablation (PFA) and standard radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Methods: This multicenter study included 28 nonparoxysmal AF patients with PH undergoing a PFA-based ablation procedure after >1 failed RFA. A cohort of 28 AF patients with PH, scheduled for repeat RFA, 1:1 propensity-score matched using a multivariable logistic model, were used as the comparator group. Right heart catheterization and echocardiography were performed before and after the procedure to assess the pulmonary artery pressure (PAP). PH was defined as resting mean PAP of >20 mm Hg. Results: The baseline characteristics of the PFA and propensity-matched RFA groups were comparable. The mean PAP assessments at baseline, follow-up, and change from baseline were analyzed. The groups had comparable baseline mean pulmonary artery pressures (mPAP) (P = 0.177). After adjustment for baseline mPAP in an analysis of covariance model, the least-squares means change at 3 months after ablation was −1.71 ± 1.03 mm Hg and 19.67 ± 1.03 mm Hg in PFA and RFA, respectively (P <0.001). Conclusions: In this propensity-matched population, no worsening of mPAP was detected following pulsed-field ablation in patients with pre-existing PH undergoing a repeat procedure for recurrence.