TY - JOUR
T1 - Postinfectious Inflammation, Autoimmunity, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
T2 - Sydenham Chorea, Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcal Infection, and Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Disorder
AU - Vreeland, Allison
AU - Calaprice, Denise
AU - Or-Geva, Noga
AU - Frye, Richard E.
AU - Agalliu, Dritan
AU - Lachman, Herbert M.
AU - Pittenger, Christopher
AU - Pallanti, Stefano
AU - Williams, Kyle
AU - Ma, Meiqian
AU - Thienemann, Margo
AU - Gagliano, Antonella
AU - Mellins, Elizabeth
AU - Frankovich, Jennifer
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Author(s).Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.
PY - 2023/12/1
Y1 - 2023/12/1
N2 - Postinfectious neuroinflammation has been implicated in multiple models of acute-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder including Sydenham chorea (SC), pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS), and pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS). These conditions are associated with a range of autoantibodies which are thought to be triggered by infections, most notably group A streptococci (GAS). Based on animal models using huma sera, these autoantibodies are thought to cross-react with neural antigens in the basal ganglia and modulate neuronal activity and behavior. As is true for many childhood neuroinflammatory diseases and rheumatological diseases, SC, PANS, and PANDAS lack clinically available, rigorous diagnostic biomarkers and randomized clinical trials. In this review article, we outline the accumulating evidence supporting the role neuroinflammation plays in these disorders. We describe work with animal models including patient-derived anti-neuronal autoantibodies, and we outline imaging studies that show alterations in the basal ganglia. In addition, we present research on metabolites, which are helpful in deciphering functional phenotypes, and on the implication of sleep in these disorders. Finally, we encourage future researchers to collaborate across medical specialties (e.g., pediatrics, psychiatry, rheumatology, immunology, and infectious disease) in order to further research on clinical syndromes presenting with neuropsychiatric manifestations.
AB - Postinfectious neuroinflammation has been implicated in multiple models of acute-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder including Sydenham chorea (SC), pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS), and pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS). These conditions are associated with a range of autoantibodies which are thought to be triggered by infections, most notably group A streptococci (GAS). Based on animal models using huma sera, these autoantibodies are thought to cross-react with neural antigens in the basal ganglia and modulate neuronal activity and behavior. As is true for many childhood neuroinflammatory diseases and rheumatological diseases, SC, PANS, and PANDAS lack clinically available, rigorous diagnostic biomarkers and randomized clinical trials. In this review article, we outline the accumulating evidence supporting the role neuroinflammation plays in these disorders. We describe work with animal models including patient-derived anti-neuronal autoantibodies, and we outline imaging studies that show alterations in the basal ganglia. In addition, we present research on metabolites, which are helpful in deciphering functional phenotypes, and on the implication of sleep in these disorders. Finally, we encourage future researchers to collaborate across medical specialties (e.g., pediatrics, psychiatry, rheumatology, immunology, and infectious disease) in order to further research on clinical syndromes presenting with neuropsychiatric manifestations.
KW - Blood-brain barrier
KW - Neuroinflammation
KW - Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome
KW - Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection
KW - Sydenham chorea
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U2 - 10.1159/000534261
DO - 10.1159/000534261
M3 - Review article
C2 - 37742615
AN - SCOPUS:85178645622
SN - 0378-5866
VL - 45
SP - 361
EP - 374
JO - Developmental Neuroscience
JF - Developmental Neuroscience
IS - 6
ER -