Physicians' Perceptions of the Effect of Nonclinical Factors on Coronary Revascularization

The main objective of this study was to determine if physicians perceive that extracardiac or nonclinical factors such as patients' financial status, lifestyle, or trust in the physician impact coronary revascularization decisions. A self-administered questionnaire was developed and mailed to a random sample of 1200 family physicians, internists, cardiologists, and cardiothoracic surgeons who were active members of well-respected medical organizations in the United States. Survey questions were rated on a 4- and 5-point Likert scale to determine whether physicians perceive that nonclinical factors impede or facilitate coronary revascularization, respectively. The survey response rate was 70%. Family physicians were most likely to perceive that unhealthy lifestyle (51%), financial barriers (48%), and lack of social support (31%) probably or definitely precluded revascularization. White physicians (52%) were more likely to perceive that distrust in the physician affected revascularization, compared with black (33%), Hispanic (38%) and Asian (40%) physicians. Mean responses regarding how often (1 = rarely to 5 = most of the time) nonclinical factors facilitate revascularization revealed that women and Hispanic physicians were more likely to perceive male patients had easier access to the procedure (mean response, 2.8 for women versus 2.1 for men; 2.8 for Hispanics versus 2.4 for blacks and 2.1 for whites). Physicians perceived that nonclinical factors influence decision making for coronary revascularization. What needs to be further explored is whether such factors affect actual patient outcomes or contribute to disparities in the utilization of cardiac interventions.