Nanotechnology in the treatment of infectious diseases

Nosocomial and community-acquired infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens is rising at an alarming rate [1, 2]. Microbial resistance has developed as a result of the ease with which microorganisms can acquire and transfer antibiotic-resistant determinants as well as the inherent resistance in some species. In addition, the abuse of broad spectrum antibiotics has further influenced the development of antibiotic-resistant strains [3-6]. As a result, resistance to antibiotics and conventional therapies has become a public health threat resulting in increased patient morbidity and mortality, highlighting the need for novel approaches in the development of antimicrobial agents [7-9].