TY - JOUR
T1 - Muramyl tripeptide-phosphatidyl ethanolamine encapsulated in liposomes (L-MTP-PE) in the treatment of osteosarcoma
AU - Meyers, Paul A.
AU - Chou, Alexander J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014.
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has been used for decades as an immune stimulant to treat cancer. Early work by Fidler and Kleinerman identifi ed muramyl dipeptide (MDP) as a critical component of the BCG cell wall which retained most of the immunostimulatory properties of the native BCG. Addition of a peptide to MDP resulted in muramyl tripeptide (MTP) which allowed incorporation into lipo-somal membranes. The resulting pharmaceutical, liposomal muramyl tripeptide phosphatidyl ethanolamine (L-MTP-PE or mifamurtide) showed activity in preclin-ical models of human cancers. Phase I studies documented the safety of the compound for human administration. These trials did not reach a maximally tolerated dose (MTD), and the dose chosen for phase II trials was a biologically optimized dose, not an MTD. Phase II studies showed decreased risk of further recurrence in patients who received mifamurtide after surgical ablation of metastatic osteosarcoma. A phase III prospective randomized trial demonstrated a statistically signifi cant reduction in the risk of death from osteosarcoma when MTP was added to systemic chemotherapy for the treatment of localized osteosarcoma. The same trial allowed treatment of patients who presented with initially metastatic disease. While the overall and event-free survival was improved in patients with metastatic osteosarcoma who received L-MTP-PE, the sample size was small and the improvement did not achieve conventional statistical significance. From 2008 to 2012, patients with metastatic and recurrent osteosarcoma were given L-MTP-PE in an expanded access trial, and the results suggest a decreased risk of subsequent recurrence and death with the inclusion of L-MTP-PE in the treatment strategy for these high-risk patients.
AB - Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has been used for decades as an immune stimulant to treat cancer. Early work by Fidler and Kleinerman identifi ed muramyl dipeptide (MDP) as a critical component of the BCG cell wall which retained most of the immunostimulatory properties of the native BCG. Addition of a peptide to MDP resulted in muramyl tripeptide (MTP) which allowed incorporation into lipo-somal membranes. The resulting pharmaceutical, liposomal muramyl tripeptide phosphatidyl ethanolamine (L-MTP-PE or mifamurtide) showed activity in preclin-ical models of human cancers. Phase I studies documented the safety of the compound for human administration. These trials did not reach a maximally tolerated dose (MTD), and the dose chosen for phase II trials was a biologically optimized dose, not an MTD. Phase II studies showed decreased risk of further recurrence in patients who received mifamurtide after surgical ablation of metastatic osteosarcoma. A phase III prospective randomized trial demonstrated a statistically signifi cant reduction in the risk of death from osteosarcoma when MTP was added to systemic chemotherapy for the treatment of localized osteosarcoma. The same trial allowed treatment of patients who presented with initially metastatic disease. While the overall and event-free survival was improved in patients with metastatic osteosarcoma who received L-MTP-PE, the sample size was small and the improvement did not achieve conventional statistical significance. From 2008 to 2012, patients with metastatic and recurrent osteosarcoma were given L-MTP-PE in an expanded access trial, and the results suggest a decreased risk of subsequent recurrence and death with the inclusion of L-MTP-PE in the treatment strategy for these high-risk patients.
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U2 - 10.1007/978-3-319-04843-7_17
DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-04843-7_17
M3 - Article
C2 - 24924182
AN - SCOPUS:84907179873
SN - 0065-2598
VL - 804
SP - 307
EP - 321
JO - Advances in experimental medicine and biology
JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology
ER -