TY - JOUR
T1 - Metabolomics-Based Biomarker for Dietary Fat and Associations with Chronic Disease Risk in Postmenopausal Women
AU - Prentice, Ross L.
AU - Vasan, Sowmya
AU - Tinker, Lesley F.
AU - Neuhouser, Marian L.
AU - Navarro, Sandi L.
AU - Raftery, Daniel
AU - Gowda, GA Nagana
AU - Pettinger, Mary
AU - Aragaki, Aaron K.
AU - Lampe, Johanna W.
AU - Huang, Ying
AU - Van Horn, Linda
AU - Manson, Jo Ann E.
AU - Wallace, Robert
AU - Mossavar-Rahmani, Yasmin
AU - Wactawski-Wende, Jean
AU - Liu, Simin
AU - Snetselaar, Linda
AU - Howard, Barbara V.
AU - Chlebowski, Rowan T.
AU - Zheng, Cheng
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 American Society for Nutrition
PY - 2023/9
Y1 - 2023/9
N2 - Background: The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) randomized, controlled Dietary Modification (DM) trial of a low-fat dietary pattern suggested intervention benefits related to breast cancer, coronary heart disease (CHD), and diabetes. Here, we use WHI observational data for further insight into the chronic disease implications of adopting this type of low-fat dietary pattern. Objectives: We aimed to use our earlier work on metabolomics-based biomarkers of carbohydrate and protein to develop a fat intake biomarker by subtraction, to use the resulting biomarker to develop calibration equations that adjusts self-reported fat intake for measurement error, and to study associations of biomarker-calibrated fat intake with chronic disease risk in WHI cohorts. Corresponding studies for specific fatty acids will follow separately. Methods: Prospective disease association results are presented using WHI cohorts of postmenopausal women, aged 50–79 y when enrolled at 40 United States clinical centers. Biomarker equations were developed using an embedded human feeding study (n = 153). Calibration equations were developed using a WHI nutritional biomarker study (n = 436). Calibrated intakes were associated with cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes incidence in WHI cohorts (n = 81,954) over an approximate 20-y follow-up period. Results: A biomarker for fat density was developed by subtracting protein, carbohydrate, and alcohol densities from one. A calibration equation was developed for fat density. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for 20% higher fat density were 1.16 (1.06, 1.27) for breast cancer, 1.13 (1.02, 1.26) for CHD, and 1.19 (1.13, 1.26) for diabetes, in substantial agreement with findings from the DM trial. With control for additional dietary variables, especially fiber, fat density was no longer associated with CHD, with hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.00 (0.88, 1.13), whereas that for breast cancer was 1.11 (1.00, 1.24). Conclusions: WHI observational data support prior DM trial findings of low-fat dietary pattern benefits in this population of postmenopausal United States women. Trial registration number: This study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00000611.
AB - Background: The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) randomized, controlled Dietary Modification (DM) trial of a low-fat dietary pattern suggested intervention benefits related to breast cancer, coronary heart disease (CHD), and diabetes. Here, we use WHI observational data for further insight into the chronic disease implications of adopting this type of low-fat dietary pattern. Objectives: We aimed to use our earlier work on metabolomics-based biomarkers of carbohydrate and protein to develop a fat intake biomarker by subtraction, to use the resulting biomarker to develop calibration equations that adjusts self-reported fat intake for measurement error, and to study associations of biomarker-calibrated fat intake with chronic disease risk in WHI cohorts. Corresponding studies for specific fatty acids will follow separately. Methods: Prospective disease association results are presented using WHI cohorts of postmenopausal women, aged 50–79 y when enrolled at 40 United States clinical centers. Biomarker equations were developed using an embedded human feeding study (n = 153). Calibration equations were developed using a WHI nutritional biomarker study (n = 436). Calibrated intakes were associated with cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes incidence in WHI cohorts (n = 81,954) over an approximate 20-y follow-up period. Results: A biomarker for fat density was developed by subtracting protein, carbohydrate, and alcohol densities from one. A calibration equation was developed for fat density. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for 20% higher fat density were 1.16 (1.06, 1.27) for breast cancer, 1.13 (1.02, 1.26) for CHD, and 1.19 (1.13, 1.26) for diabetes, in substantial agreement with findings from the DM trial. With control for additional dietary variables, especially fiber, fat density was no longer associated with CHD, with hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.00 (0.88, 1.13), whereas that for breast cancer was 1.11 (1.00, 1.24). Conclusions: WHI observational data support prior DM trial findings of low-fat dietary pattern benefits in this population of postmenopausal United States women. Trial registration number: This study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00000611.
KW - biomarker
KW - cancer
KW - cardiovascular disease
KW - diabetes
KW - dietary fat
KW - fat density
KW - measurement error
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U2 - 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.05.021
DO - 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.05.021
M3 - Article
C2 - 37245660
AN - SCOPUS:85162884128
SN - 0022-3166
VL - 153
SP - 2651
EP - 2662
JO - Journal of Nutrition
JF - Journal of Nutrition
IS - 9
ER -
