TY - JOUR
T1 - Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Pediatric Lungs and Airways
T2 - New Paradigm for Practical Daily Clinical Use
AU - Liszewski, Mark C.
AU - Ciet, Pierluigi
AU - Winant, Abbey J.
AU - Lee, Edward Y.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.
PY - 2024/1/1
Y1 - 2024/1/1
N2 - Disorders of the lungs and airways are among the most common indications for diagnostic imaging in infants and children. Traditionally, chest radiograph has been the first-line imaging test for detecting these disorders and when cross-sectional imaging is necessary, computed tomography (CT) has typically been the next step. However, due to concerns about the potentially harmful effects of ionizing radiation, pediatric imaging in general has begun to shift away from CT toward magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a preferred modality. Several unique technical challenges of chest MRI, including motion artifact from respiratory and cardiac motion as well as low signal-to-noise ratios secondary to relatively low proton density in the lung have slowed this shift in thoracic imaging. However, technical advances in MRI in recent years, including developments in non-Cartesian MRI data sampling methods such as radial, spiral, and PROPELLER imaging and the development of ultrashort TE and zero TE sequences that render CT-like high-quality imaging with minimal motion artifact have allowed for a shift to MRI for evaluation of lung and large airways in centers with specialized expertise. This article presents a practical approach for radiologists in current practice to begin to consider MRI for evaluation of the pediatric lung and large airways and begin to implement it in their practices. The current role for MRI in the evaluation of disorders of the pediatric lung and large airways is reviewed, and example cases are presented. Challenges for MRI of the lung and large airways in children are discussed, practical tips for patient preparation including sedation are described, and imaging techniques suitable for current clinical practice are presented.
AB - Disorders of the lungs and airways are among the most common indications for diagnostic imaging in infants and children. Traditionally, chest radiograph has been the first-line imaging test for detecting these disorders and when cross-sectional imaging is necessary, computed tomography (CT) has typically been the next step. However, due to concerns about the potentially harmful effects of ionizing radiation, pediatric imaging in general has begun to shift away from CT toward magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a preferred modality. Several unique technical challenges of chest MRI, including motion artifact from respiratory and cardiac motion as well as low signal-to-noise ratios secondary to relatively low proton density in the lung have slowed this shift in thoracic imaging. However, technical advances in MRI in recent years, including developments in non-Cartesian MRI data sampling methods such as radial, spiral, and PROPELLER imaging and the development of ultrashort TE and zero TE sequences that render CT-like high-quality imaging with minimal motion artifact have allowed for a shift to MRI for evaluation of lung and large airways in centers with specialized expertise. This article presents a practical approach for radiologists in current practice to begin to consider MRI for evaluation of the pediatric lung and large airways and begin to implement it in their practices. The current role for MRI in the evaluation of disorders of the pediatric lung and large airways is reviewed, and example cases are presented. Challenges for MRI of the lung and large airways in children are discussed, practical tips for patient preparation including sedation are described, and imaging techniques suitable for current clinical practice are presented.
KW - 4D cine imaging
KW - magnetic resonance imaging
KW - pediatric
KW - ultrashort TE
KW - zero TE
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85179847582&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85179847582&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/RTI.0000000000000707
DO - 10.1097/RTI.0000000000000707
M3 - Review article
C2 - 37015830
AN - SCOPUS:85179847582
SN - 0883-5993
VL - 39
SP - 57
EP - 66
JO - Journal of Thoracic Imaging
JF - Journal of Thoracic Imaging
IS - 1
ER -