TY - JOUR
T1 - Low-fat, increased fruit, vegetable, and grain dietary pattern, fractures, and bone mineral density
T2 - The Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial
AU - Women’s Health Initiative Investigators
AU - McTiernan, Anne
AU - Wactawski-Wende, Jean
AU - Wu, Lie Ling
AU - Rodabough, Rebecca J.
AU - Watts, Nelson B.
AU - Tylavsky, Frances
AU - Freeman, Ruth
AU - Hendrix, Susan
AU - Jackson, Rebecca
PY - 2009/1/6
Y1 - 2009/1/6
N2 - Background: The effects of dietary changes on osteoporosis, low bone density, and frequent falls are unestablished. Objective: We assessed the effect of the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification low-fat and increased fruit, vegetable, and grain intervention on incident hip, total, and site-specific fractures and self-reported falls, and, in a subset, on bone mineral density (BMD). Design: Postmenopausal women (n = 48,835) aged 50-79 y (18.6% of minority race-ethnicity) were randomly assigned to receive the Dietary Modification intervention (40%, n = 19,541) (daily goal: ≤20% of energy as fat, ≥5 servings of vegetables and fruit, and ≥6 servings of grains) or to a comparison group that received no dietary changes (60%; n = 29,294). Results: After a mean 8.1 y of follow-up, 215 women in the intervention group and 285 women in the comparison group (annualized rate: 0.14% and 0.12%, respectively) experienced a hip fracture (hazard ratio: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.34; P = 0.21). The intervention group (n = 5423; annualized rate: 3.44%) had a lower rate of reporting ≥2 falls than did the comparison group (n = 8695; annualized rate: 3.67%) (HR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.96; P < 0.01). There was a significant interaction according to hormone therapy use; those in the comparison group receiving hormone therapy had the lowest incidence of hip fracture. In a subset of 3951 women, hip BMD at years 3, 6, and 9 was 0.4-0.5% lower in the intervention group than in the comparison group (P = 0.003). Conclusions: A low-fat and increased fruit, vegetable, and grain diet intervention modestly reduced the risk of multiple falls and slightly lowered hip BMD but did not change the risk of osteoporotic fractures. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000611.
AB - Background: The effects of dietary changes on osteoporosis, low bone density, and frequent falls are unestablished. Objective: We assessed the effect of the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification low-fat and increased fruit, vegetable, and grain intervention on incident hip, total, and site-specific fractures and self-reported falls, and, in a subset, on bone mineral density (BMD). Design: Postmenopausal women (n = 48,835) aged 50-79 y (18.6% of minority race-ethnicity) were randomly assigned to receive the Dietary Modification intervention (40%, n = 19,541) (daily goal: ≤20% of energy as fat, ≥5 servings of vegetables and fruit, and ≥6 servings of grains) or to a comparison group that received no dietary changes (60%; n = 29,294). Results: After a mean 8.1 y of follow-up, 215 women in the intervention group and 285 women in the comparison group (annualized rate: 0.14% and 0.12%, respectively) experienced a hip fracture (hazard ratio: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.34; P = 0.21). The intervention group (n = 5423; annualized rate: 3.44%) had a lower rate of reporting ≥2 falls than did the comparison group (n = 8695; annualized rate: 3.67%) (HR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.96; P < 0.01). There was a significant interaction according to hormone therapy use; those in the comparison group receiving hormone therapy had the lowest incidence of hip fracture. In a subset of 3951 women, hip BMD at years 3, 6, and 9 was 0.4-0.5% lower in the intervention group than in the comparison group (P = 0.003). Conclusions: A low-fat and increased fruit, vegetable, and grain diet intervention modestly reduced the risk of multiple falls and slightly lowered hip BMD but did not change the risk of osteoporotic fractures. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000611.
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U2 - 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26956
DO - 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26956
M3 - Article
C2 - 19403636
AN - SCOPUS:66849111911
SN - 0002-9165
VL - 89
SP - 1864
EP - 1876
JO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
IS - 6
ER -