TY - JOUR
T1 - Hyperkalemia in Heart Failure
AU - Sarwar, Chaudhry M.S.
AU - Papadimitriou, Lampros
AU - Pitt, Bertram
AU - Piña, Ileana
AU - Zannad, Faiez
AU - Anker, Stefan D.
AU - Gheorghiade, Mihai
AU - Butler, Javed
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 American College of Cardiology Foundation
PY - 2016/10/4
Y1 - 2016/10/4
N2 - Disorders of potassium homeostasis can potentiate the already elevated risk of arrhythmia in heart failure. Heart failure patients have a high prevalence of chronic kidney disease, which further heightens the risk of hyperkalemia, especially when renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors are used. Acute treatment for hyperkalemia may not be tolerated in the long term. Recent data for patiromer and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate, used to treat and prevent high serum potassium levels on a more chronic basis, have sparked interest in the treatment of hyperkalemia, as well as the potential use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors in patients who were previously unable to take these drugs or tolerated only low doses. This review discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and outcomes of hyperkalemia in heart failure; provides an overview of traditional and novel ways to approach management of hyperkalemia; and discusses the need for further research to optimally treat heart failure.
AB - Disorders of potassium homeostasis can potentiate the already elevated risk of arrhythmia in heart failure. Heart failure patients have a high prevalence of chronic kidney disease, which further heightens the risk of hyperkalemia, especially when renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors are used. Acute treatment for hyperkalemia may not be tolerated in the long term. Recent data for patiromer and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate, used to treat and prevent high serum potassium levels on a more chronic basis, have sparked interest in the treatment of hyperkalemia, as well as the potential use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors in patients who were previously unable to take these drugs or tolerated only low doses. This review discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and outcomes of hyperkalemia in heart failure; provides an overview of traditional and novel ways to approach management of hyperkalemia; and discusses the need for further research to optimally treat heart failure.
KW - angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
KW - angiotensin-receptor blockers
KW - chronic kidney disease
KW - mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
KW - patiromer
KW - sodium zirconium cyclosilicate
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84992027427&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84992027427&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.06.060
DO - 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.06.060
M3 - Review article
C2 - 27687200
AN - SCOPUS:84992027427
SN - 0735-1097
VL - 68
SP - 1575
EP - 1589
JO - Journal of the American College of Cardiology
JF - Journal of the American College of Cardiology
IS - 14
ER -