TY - JOUR
T1 - High Dietary Intake of Vegetable or Polyunsaturated Fats Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
AU - Yang, Wanshui
AU - Sui, Jing
AU - Ma, Yanan
AU - Simon, Tracey G.
AU - Petrick, Jessica L.
AU - Lai, Michelle
AU - McGlynn, Katherine A.
AU - Campbell, Peter T.
AU - Giovannucci, Edward L.
AU - Chan, Andrew T.
AU - Zhang, Xuehong
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding This work was supported by UM1 CA186107 ( Nurses’ Health Study infrastructure grant), P01 CA87969 ( Nurses’ Health Study program grant for cancer research), UM1 CA167552 ( Health Professionals Follow-up Study infrastructure grant), NIH K24 DK098311 (ATC), NIH K07 CA188126 (XZ), NIH R21CA238651 (XZ), American Cancer Society Research Scholar Grant ( RSG NEC-130476 , to XZ), Boston Nutrition Obesity Research Center Pilot and Feasibility Award (XZ), and NIH Intramural Research Program (KAM). ATC is a Stuart and Suzanne Steele MGH Research Scholar. The funding agency had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 AGA Institute
PY - 2020/11
Y1 - 2020/11
N2 - Background & Aims: We investigated associations of intake of total fats, specific dietary fats, and fats from different food sources with risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using data from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS). Methods: We analyzed data from a total of 138,483 women and men who participated in the NHS or HPFS. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was sent to NHS participants in 1980, 1984, 1986, and every 4 years thereafter; dietary information was collected from participants in the HPFS in 1986 and every 4 years thereafter. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: After an average follow-up time of 26.6 years, 160 incident HCC cases were documented. Although there was a non-significant association between total fat intake and HCC, intake of vegetable fats reduced risk of HCC (HR for the highest vs lowest quartile, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39–0.96; Ptrend =.02), but not animal or dairy fats. Replacing animal or dairy fats with an equivalent amount of vegetable fats was associated with a lower risk of HCC (HR per 1 standard deviation, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65–0.97). Among fat subtypes, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, including n-3 (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.41–0.96; Ptrend =.14) and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.34–0.86; Ptrend =.02), were inversely associated with risk of HCC. Higher ratios of monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fat to saturated fat were inversely associated with HCC risk (all Ptrend ≤.02). In addition, when replacing saturated fats with monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fats, the HR per 1 standard deviation was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.64–0.92). Conclusions: In an analysis of data from 2 large cohort studies, we found higher intake of vegetable fats and polyunsaturated fats to be associated with lower risk of HCC. Replacing animal or dairy fats with vegetable fats, or replacing saturated fats with monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fats, was associated with reduced risk of HCC.
AB - Background & Aims: We investigated associations of intake of total fats, specific dietary fats, and fats from different food sources with risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using data from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS). Methods: We analyzed data from a total of 138,483 women and men who participated in the NHS or HPFS. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was sent to NHS participants in 1980, 1984, 1986, and every 4 years thereafter; dietary information was collected from participants in the HPFS in 1986 and every 4 years thereafter. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: After an average follow-up time of 26.6 years, 160 incident HCC cases were documented. Although there was a non-significant association between total fat intake and HCC, intake of vegetable fats reduced risk of HCC (HR for the highest vs lowest quartile, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39–0.96; Ptrend =.02), but not animal or dairy fats. Replacing animal or dairy fats with an equivalent amount of vegetable fats was associated with a lower risk of HCC (HR per 1 standard deviation, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65–0.97). Among fat subtypes, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, including n-3 (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.41–0.96; Ptrend =.14) and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.34–0.86; Ptrend =.02), were inversely associated with risk of HCC. Higher ratios of monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fat to saturated fat were inversely associated with HCC risk (all Ptrend ≤.02). In addition, when replacing saturated fats with monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fats, the HR per 1 standard deviation was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.64–0.92). Conclusions: In an analysis of data from 2 large cohort studies, we found higher intake of vegetable fats and polyunsaturated fats to be associated with lower risk of HCC. Replacing animal or dairy fats with vegetable fats, or replacing saturated fats with monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fats, was associated with reduced risk of HCC.
KW - Animal Fat
KW - Dairy Fat
KW - Liver Cancer
KW - PUFAs
KW - Primary Prevention
KW - Vegetable Fat
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U2 - 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.01.003
DO - 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.01.003
M3 - Article
C2 - 31927110
AN - SCOPUS:85092922756
SN - 1542-3565
VL - 18
SP - 2775-2783.e11
JO - Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology
JF - Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology
IS - 12
ER -
