TY - JOUR
T1 - Genetic risk prediction in Hispanics/Latinos
T2 - milestones, challenges, and social-ethical considerations
AU - Maldonado, Betzaida L.
AU - Piqué, Daniel G.
AU - Kaplan, Robert C.
AU - Claw, Katrina G.
AU - Gignoux, Christopher R.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s).
PY - 2023/12
Y1 - 2023/12
N2 - Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have allowed the identification of disease-associated variants, which can be leveraged to build polygenic scores (PGSs). Even though PGSs can be a valuable tool in personalized medicine, their predictive power is limited in populations of non-European ancestry, particularly in admixed populations. Recent efforts have focused on increasing racial and ethnic diversity in GWAS, thus, addressing some of the limitations of genetic risk prediction in these populations. Even with these efforts, few studies focus exclusively on Hispanics/Latinos. Additionally, Hispanic/Latino populations are often considered a single population despite varying admixture proportions between and within ethnic groups, diverse genetic heterogeneity, and demographic history. Combined with highly heterogeneous environmental and socioeconomic exposures, this diversity can reduce the transferability of genetic risk prediction models. Given the recent increase of genomic studies that include Hispanics/Latinos, we review the milestones and efforts that focus on genetic risk prediction, summarize the potential for improving PGS transferability, and highlight the challenges yet to be addressed. Additionally, we summarize social-ethical considerations and provide ideas to promote genetic risk prediction models that can be implemented equitably.
AB - Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have allowed the identification of disease-associated variants, which can be leveraged to build polygenic scores (PGSs). Even though PGSs can be a valuable tool in personalized medicine, their predictive power is limited in populations of non-European ancestry, particularly in admixed populations. Recent efforts have focused on increasing racial and ethnic diversity in GWAS, thus, addressing some of the limitations of genetic risk prediction in these populations. Even with these efforts, few studies focus exclusively on Hispanics/Latinos. Additionally, Hispanic/Latino populations are often considered a single population despite varying admixture proportions between and within ethnic groups, diverse genetic heterogeneity, and demographic history. Combined with highly heterogeneous environmental and socioeconomic exposures, this diversity can reduce the transferability of genetic risk prediction models. Given the recent increase of genomic studies that include Hispanics/Latinos, we review the milestones and efforts that focus on genetic risk prediction, summarize the potential for improving PGS transferability, and highlight the challenges yet to be addressed. Additionally, we summarize social-ethical considerations and provide ideas to promote genetic risk prediction models that can be implemented equitably.
KW - Genomic studies
KW - Health disparities
KW - Hispanics
KW - Latin Americans
KW - Latinos
KW - Personalized medicine
KW - Polygenic risk scores
KW - Polygenic scores
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85176916101&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1007/s12687-023-00686-4
DO - 10.1007/s12687-023-00686-4
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85176916101
SN - 1868-310X
VL - 14
SP - 543
EP - 553
JO - Journal of Community Genetics
JF - Journal of Community Genetics
IS - 6
ER -