Gallbladder Cancer: Current Treatment Options and Therapeutics

Although rare, gallbladder cancer (GBC), a tumor of the biliary tract is characterized by high aggressiveness and invasiveness. Surgical resection of the tumor remains the most curative treatment approach; however, only a few number of gallbladder carcinoma patients are suitable for surgical resection of the tumor. Several novel therapeutic modalities have been established following the emergence of new technology, such as immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and medication delivery systems comprised of nanoparticles. In the current chapter, we consider various aspects of gallbladder carcinoma and current treatment approaches. Additionally, we focus on various mechanisms of therapeutic resistance in gallbladder carcinoma and gene therapy approaches (such as miRNA/siRNA) which may enhance sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. In addition, noncoding RNAs including miRNAs and lncRNAs have been considered as novel therapeutic measures in controlling progression of gallbladder carcinoma.