TY - JOUR
T1 - Extracellular vesicles derived from Talaromyces marneffei contain immunogenic compounds and modulate THP-1 macrophage responses
AU - Pruksaphon, Kritsada
AU - Amsri, Artid
AU - Thammasit, Patcharin
AU - Nosanchuk, Joshua D.
AU - Youngchim, Sirida
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2023 Pruksaphon, Amsri, Thammasit, Nosanchuk and Youngchim.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Pathogenic eukaryotes including fungi release extracellular vesicles (EVs) which are composed of a variety of bioactive components, including peptides, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and membrane lipids. EVs contain virulence-associated molecules suggesting a crucial role of these structures in disease pathogenesis. EVs derived from the pathogenic yeast phase of Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei, a causative agent of systemic opportunistic mycoses “talaromycosis,” were studied for their immunogenic components and immunomodulatory properties. Some important virulence factors in EVs including fungal melanin and yeast phase specific mannoprotein were determined by immunoblotting. Furthermore, fluorescence microscopy revealed that T. marneffei EVs were internalized by THP-1 human macrophages. Co-incubation of T. marneffei EVs with THP-1 human macrophages resulted in increased levels of supernatant interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-10. The expression of THP-1 macrophage surface CD86 was significantly increased after exposed to T. marneffei EVs. These findings support the hypothesis that fungal EVs play an important role in macrophage “classical” M1 polarization. T. marneffei EVs preparations also increased phagocytosis, suggesting that EV components stimulate THP-1 macrophages to produce effective antimicrobial compounds. In addition, T. marneffei EVs stimulated THP-1 macrophages were more effective at killing T. marneffei conidia. These results indicate that T. marneffei EVs can potently modulate macrophage functions, resulting in the activation of these innate immune cells to enhance their antimicrobial activity.
AB - Pathogenic eukaryotes including fungi release extracellular vesicles (EVs) which are composed of a variety of bioactive components, including peptides, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and membrane lipids. EVs contain virulence-associated molecules suggesting a crucial role of these structures in disease pathogenesis. EVs derived from the pathogenic yeast phase of Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei, a causative agent of systemic opportunistic mycoses “talaromycosis,” were studied for their immunogenic components and immunomodulatory properties. Some important virulence factors in EVs including fungal melanin and yeast phase specific mannoprotein were determined by immunoblotting. Furthermore, fluorescence microscopy revealed that T. marneffei EVs were internalized by THP-1 human macrophages. Co-incubation of T. marneffei EVs with THP-1 human macrophages resulted in increased levels of supernatant interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-10. The expression of THP-1 macrophage surface CD86 was significantly increased after exposed to T. marneffei EVs. These findings support the hypothesis that fungal EVs play an important role in macrophage “classical” M1 polarization. T. marneffei EVs preparations also increased phagocytosis, suggesting that EV components stimulate THP-1 macrophages to produce effective antimicrobial compounds. In addition, T. marneffei EVs stimulated THP-1 macrophages were more effective at killing T. marneffei conidia. These results indicate that T. marneffei EVs can potently modulate macrophage functions, resulting in the activation of these innate immune cells to enhance their antimicrobial activity.
KW - THP-1 macrophages
KW - Talaromyces marneffei
KW - extracellular vesicles (EVs)
KW - fungal melanin
KW - inflammatory response
KW - macrophage (plasticity) polarization
KW - yeast mannoprotein
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U2 - 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192326
DO - 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192326
M3 - Article
C2 - 37457708
AN - SCOPUS:85164879854
SN - 1664-3224
VL - 14
JO - Frontiers in immunology
JF - Frontiers in immunology
M1 - 1192326
ER -