Current pharmacotherapeutic strategies for cardiac arrhythmias in heart failure

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) affects over 6 million Americans and is the most common cause of hospital readmissions in the United States. Cardiac arrhythmias are common comorbidities seen in patients with HF and are associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality. Pharmacotherapeutic agents along with device and ablation therapies are the mainstays of treatment for cardiac arrhythmias in HF. Areas covered: An extensive literature review of articles and clinical trials on PUBMED on the topic of pharmacotherapy for cardiac arrhythmias in heart failure was conducted. This review article summarizes the above literature to describe the prevalence of the various types of arrhythmias in HF, the recommended pharmacotherapies for the treatment of these arrhythmias in HF and the evidence that supports these recommendations. Expert opinion: Cardiac arrhythmias are common in HF and are the leading cause of death in this patient population. The management of cardiac arrhythmias in HF is challenging. Pharmacotherapy is the primary though increasingly adjunctive therapy for most cardiac arrhythmias. Further, antiarrhythmic drugs must be used with caution in this patient population due to their potential adverse effects.