TY - JOUR
T1 - Botulinum toxin type B
T2 - An overview of its biochemistry and preclinical pharmacology
AU - Callaway, J. E.
AU - Arezzo, J. C.
AU - Grethlein, A. J.
PY - 2001
Y1 - 2001
N2 - Produced by Clostridium botulinum, botulinum toxins are high molecular weight protein complexes consisting of the neurotoxin and additional nontoxic proteins that function to protect the toxin molecule. The neurotoxin acts to inhibit the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, causing muscle paralysis. Purified toxin complexes have found a niche in the treatment of clinical disorders involving muscle hyperactivity. The different serotypes are structurally and functionally similar; however, specific differences in neuronal acceptor binding sites, intracellular enzymatic sites, and species sensitivities suggest that each serotype is its own unique pharmacologic entity. Recently, botulinum toxin type B has been developed as a liquid formulation to avoid the lyophilization (vacuum-drying) and reconstitution processes associated with decreasing the potency and stability of current type A toxin preparations. Biochemical tests were conducted to evaluate the quality of toxin in this formulation. In 3 consecutive manufacturing lots, the botulinum toxin type B complex was found to be highly purified, intact, uniform, and consistent from lot to lot. Also, it showed long-term stability at refrigerator and room temperatures (2 to 25°C). Electrophysiologic studies in cynomolgus monkeys showed that botulinum toxin type B is effective in paralyzing injected muscle groups, with minimal spread to relatively distant noninjected muscles.
AB - Produced by Clostridium botulinum, botulinum toxins are high molecular weight protein complexes consisting of the neurotoxin and additional nontoxic proteins that function to protect the toxin molecule. The neurotoxin acts to inhibit the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, causing muscle paralysis. Purified toxin complexes have found a niche in the treatment of clinical disorders involving muscle hyperactivity. The different serotypes are structurally and functionally similar; however, specific differences in neuronal acceptor binding sites, intracellular enzymatic sites, and species sensitivities suggest that each serotype is its own unique pharmacologic entity. Recently, botulinum toxin type B has been developed as a liquid formulation to avoid the lyophilization (vacuum-drying) and reconstitution processes associated with decreasing the potency and stability of current type A toxin preparations. Biochemical tests were conducted to evaluate the quality of toxin in this formulation. In 3 consecutive manufacturing lots, the botulinum toxin type B complex was found to be highly purified, intact, uniform, and consistent from lot to lot. Also, it showed long-term stability at refrigerator and room temperatures (2 to 25°C). Electrophysiologic studies in cynomolgus monkeys showed that botulinum toxin type B is effective in paralyzing injected muscle groups, with minimal spread to relatively distant noninjected muscles.
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U2 - 10.1053/sder.2001.24421
DO - 10.1053/sder.2001.24421
M3 - Review article
C2 - 11474745
AN - SCOPUS:0034918865
SN - 1085-5629
VL - 20
SP - 127
EP - 136
JO - Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
JF - Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery
IS - 2
ER -