Biomimetic Deep Learning Networks With Applications to Epileptic Spasms and Seizure Prediction

Objective: In this study, we present a novel biomimetic deep learning network for epileptic spasms and seizure prediction and compare its performance with state-of-the-art conventional machine learning models. Methods: Our proposed model incorporates modular Volterra kernel convolutional networks and bidirectional recurrent networks in combination with the phase amplitude cross-frequency coupling features derived from scalp EEG. They are applied to the standard CHB-MIT dataset containing focal epilepsy episodes as well as two other datasets from the Montefiore Medical Center and the University of California Los Angeles that provide data of patients experiencing infantile spasm (IS) syndrome. Results: Overall, in this study, the networks can produce accurate predictions (100%) and significant detection latencies (10 min). Furthermore, the biomimetic network outperforms conventional ones by producing no false positives. Significance: Biomimetic neural networks utilize extensive knowledge about processing and learning in the electrical networks of the brain. Predicting seizures in adults can improve their quality of life. Epileptic spasms in infants are part of a particular seizure type that needs identifying when suspicious behaviors are noticed in babies. Predicting epileptic spasms within a given time frame (the prediction horizon) suggests their existence and allows an epileptologist to flag an EEG trace for future review.