TY - JOUR
T1 - Arsenic, cadmium, and mercury-induced hypertension
T2 - mechanisms and epidemiological findings
AU - da Cunha Martins, Airton
AU - Carneiro, Maria Fernanda Hornos
AU - Grotto, Denise
AU - Adeyemi, Joseph A.
AU - Barbosa, Fernando
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Taylor & Francis.
PY - 2018/2/17
Y1 - 2018/2/17
N2 - Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) are toxic elements widely distributed in the environment. Exposure to these elements was attributed to produce several acute and chronic illnesses including hypertension. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the most frequently proposed mechanisms underlying hypertension associated with As, Cd, and Hg exposure including: oxidative stress, impaired nitric oxide (NO) signaling, modified vascular response to neurotransmitters and disturbed vascular muscle Ca2+ signaling, renal damage, and interference with the renin–angiotensin system. Due to the complexity of the vascular system, a combination rather than a singular mechanism needs to be considered. In addition, epidemiological findings showing the relationship between various biomarkers of metal exposure and hypertension are described. Given the complex etiology of hypertension, further epidemiological studies evaluating the roles of confounding factors such as age, gender, and life style are still necessary.
AB - Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) are toxic elements widely distributed in the environment. Exposure to these elements was attributed to produce several acute and chronic illnesses including hypertension. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the most frequently proposed mechanisms underlying hypertension associated with As, Cd, and Hg exposure including: oxidative stress, impaired nitric oxide (NO) signaling, modified vascular response to neurotransmitters and disturbed vascular muscle Ca2+ signaling, renal damage, and interference with the renin–angiotensin system. Due to the complexity of the vascular system, a combination rather than a singular mechanism needs to be considered. In addition, epidemiological findings showing the relationship between various biomarkers of metal exposure and hypertension are described. Given the complex etiology of hypertension, further epidemiological studies evaluating the roles of confounding factors such as age, gender, and life style are still necessary.
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U2 - 10.1080/10937404.2018.1432025
DO - 10.1080/10937404.2018.1432025
M3 - Article
C2 - 29446707
AN - SCOPUS:85042092346
SN - 1093-7404
VL - 21
SP - 61
EP - 82
JO - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health - Part B: Critical Reviews
JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health - Part B: Critical Reviews
IS - 2
ER -