TY - JOUR
T1 - Anthocyanin-rich açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) extract attenuates manganese-induced oxidative stress in rat primary astrocyte cultures
AU - Santos, Vivian Da Silva
AU - Bisen-Hersh, Emily
AU - Yu, Yingchun
AU - Cabral, Ingridy Simone Ribeiro
AU - Nardini, Viviani
AU - Culbreth, Megan
AU - Da Rocha, João Batista Teixeira
AU - Barbosa, Fernando
AU - Aschner, Michael
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge financial sup port from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), R01 ES10563 and R01 ES020852 (MA), and thank the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and Foundation for the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for supporting Ms. Da Silva Santos’s fellowships.
PY - 2014/4/3
Y1 - 2014/4/3
N2 - Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for human health. However, at high concentrations Mn may be neurotoxic. Mn accumulates in astrocytes, affecting their redox status. In view of the high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the exotic Brazilian fruit açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), its methanolic extract was obtained by solid-phase extraction (SPE). This açaíextract showed considerable anthocyanins content and direct antioxidant capacity. The açaíextract scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH•) with an EC50 of 19.1 ppm, showing higher antioxidant activity compared to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), but lower than ascorbic acid and quercetin. This obtained açaí extract also attenuated Mn-induced oxidative stress in primary cultured astrocytes. Specifically, the açaí extract at an optimal and nutritionally relevant concentration of 0.1 μg/ml prevented Mn-induced oxidative stress by (1) restoring GSH/GSSG ratio and net glutamate uptake, (2) protecting astrocytic membranes from lipid peroxidation, and (3) decreasing Mn-induced expression of erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) protein. A larger quantity of açaí extract exacerbated the effects of Mn on these parameters except with respect to lipid peroxidation assessed by means of F2-isoprostanes. These studies indicate that at nutritionally relevant concentration, anthocyanins obtained from açaí protect astrocytes against Mn neurotoxicity, but at high concentrations, the "pro- oxidant"effects of its constituents likely prevail. Future studies may be profitably directed at potential protective effects of açaí anthocyanins in nutraceutical formulations.
AB - Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for human health. However, at high concentrations Mn may be neurotoxic. Mn accumulates in astrocytes, affecting their redox status. In view of the high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the exotic Brazilian fruit açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), its methanolic extract was obtained by solid-phase extraction (SPE). This açaíextract showed considerable anthocyanins content and direct antioxidant capacity. The açaíextract scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH•) with an EC50 of 19.1 ppm, showing higher antioxidant activity compared to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), but lower than ascorbic acid and quercetin. This obtained açaí extract also attenuated Mn-induced oxidative stress in primary cultured astrocytes. Specifically, the açaí extract at an optimal and nutritionally relevant concentration of 0.1 μg/ml prevented Mn-induced oxidative stress by (1) restoring GSH/GSSG ratio and net glutamate uptake, (2) protecting astrocytic membranes from lipid peroxidation, and (3) decreasing Mn-induced expression of erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) protein. A larger quantity of açaí extract exacerbated the effects of Mn on these parameters except with respect to lipid peroxidation assessed by means of F2-isoprostanes. These studies indicate that at nutritionally relevant concentration, anthocyanins obtained from açaí protect astrocytes against Mn neurotoxicity, but at high concentrations, the "pro- oxidant"effects of its constituents likely prevail. Future studies may be profitably directed at potential protective effects of açaí anthocyanins in nutraceutical formulations.
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U2 - 10.1080/15287394.2014.880392
DO - 10.1080/15287394.2014.880392
M3 - Article
C2 - 24617543
AN - SCOPUS:84896299608
SN - 1528-7394
VL - 77
SP - 390
EP - 404
JO - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health - Part A: Current Issues
JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health - Part A: Current Issues
IS - 7
ER -