TY - JOUR
T1 - Advances in Understanding the Molecular Basis of the Mediterranean Diet Effect
AU - Corella, Dolores
AU - Coltell, Oscar
AU - Macian, Fernando
AU - Ordovás, José M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright 2018 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved.
PY - 2018/3/25
Y1 - 2018/3/25
N2 - Increasingly, studies showing the protective effects of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on different diseases (cardiovascular, diabetes, some cancers, and even total mortality and aging indicators) are being published. The scientific evidence level for each outcome is variable, and new studies are needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms whereby the MedDiet may exercise its effects. Here, we present recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of MedDiet effects, mainly focusing on cardiovascular diseases but also discussing other related diseases. There is heterogeneity in defining the MedDiet, and it can, owing to its complexity, be considered as an exposome with thousands of nutrients and phytochemicals. We review MedDiet composition and assessment as well as the latest advances in the genomic, epigenomic (DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNAs, and other emerging regulators), transcriptomic (selected genes and whole transcriptome), and metabolomic and metagenomic aspects of the MedDiet effects (as a whole and for its most typical food components). We also present a critical review of the limitations of the studies undertaken and propose new analyses and greater bioinformatic integration to better understand the most important molecular mechanisms whereby the MedDiet as a whole, or its main food components, may exercise their protective effects.
AB - Increasingly, studies showing the protective effects of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on different diseases (cardiovascular, diabetes, some cancers, and even total mortality and aging indicators) are being published. The scientific evidence level for each outcome is variable, and new studies are needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms whereby the MedDiet may exercise its effects. Here, we present recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of MedDiet effects, mainly focusing on cardiovascular diseases but also discussing other related diseases. There is heterogeneity in defining the MedDiet, and it can, owing to its complexity, be considered as an exposome with thousands of nutrients and phytochemicals. We review MedDiet composition and assessment as well as the latest advances in the genomic, epigenomic (DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNAs, and other emerging regulators), transcriptomic (selected genes and whole transcriptome), and metabolomic and metagenomic aspects of the MedDiet effects (as a whole and for its most typical food components). We also present a critical review of the limitations of the studies undertaken and propose new analyses and greater bioinformatic integration to better understand the most important molecular mechanisms whereby the MedDiet as a whole, or its main food components, may exercise their protective effects.
KW - Bioinformatics
KW - Cardiovascular
KW - Mediterranean diet
KW - Molecular mechanisms
KW - Nutrigenomics
KW - Olive oil
KW - Omics integration
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U2 - 10.1146/annurev-food-032217-020802
DO - 10.1146/annurev-food-032217-020802
M3 - Review article
C2 - 29400994
AN - SCOPUS:85044679998
SN - 1941-1413
VL - 9
SP - 227
EP - 249
JO - Annual Review of Food Science and Technology
JF - Annual Review of Food Science and Technology
ER -