Tumour suppressor p53: Understanding the molecular mechanisms inherent to cancer

Tumour suppressor p53 has been the centre of focus of researchers trying to decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying tumourigenesis. In this review, we have summarized the critical role of p53 in tumour suppression through its effects on several cellular processes such as DNA repair, cell cycle and apoptosis. We have also discussed the role of upstream regulators which sensitize p53 to respond to different stress conditions. Post-translational modifications of p53 along with its binding partners have emerged as major determinants of its functional selectivity and specificity. Unravelling the intricacies of p53 functions have been augmented with the development of new mouse models of p53, which also have been discussed in this review.