TY - JOUR
T1 - The global burden of viral hepatitis from 1990 to 2013
T2 - findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
AU - Stanaway, Jeffrey D.
AU - Flaxman, Abraham D.
AU - Naghavi, Mohsen
AU - Fitzmaurice, Christina
AU - Vos, Theo
AU - Abubakar, Ibrahim
AU - Abu-Raddad, Laith J.
AU - Assadi, Reza
AU - Bhala, Neeraj
AU - Cowie, Benjamin
AU - Forouzanfour, Mohammad H.
AU - Groeger, Justina
AU - Hanafiah, Khayriyyah Mohd
AU - Jacobsen, Kathryn H.
AU - James, Spencer L.
AU - MacLachlan, Jennifer
AU - Malekzadeh, Reza
AU - Martin, Natasha K.
AU - Mokdad, Ali A.
AU - Mokdad, Ali H.
AU - Murray, Christopher J.L.
AU - Plass, Dietrich
AU - Rana, Saleem
AU - Rein, David B.
AU - Richardus, Jan Hendrik
AU - Sanabria, Juan
AU - Saylan, Mete
AU - Shahraz, Saeid
AU - So, Samuel
AU - Vlassov, Vasiliy V.
AU - Weiderpass, Elisabete
AU - Wiersma, Steven T.
AU - Younis, Mustafa
AU - Yu, Chuanhua
AU - El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa
AU - Cooke, Graham S.
N1 - Funding Information:
JDS, ADF, MN, CF, TV, MHF, and CJLM acknowledge research funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. NKM acknowledges research funding from the US National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01 DA037773-01A1) and the University of California San Diego Center for AIDS Research, a programme funded by the US National Institutes of Health ( NIH; P30 AI036214 ), which is supported by the following NIH Institutes and Centers: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. NKM is also a member of the STOP-HCV consortium, which is funded by the UK Medical Research Council ( MR/K01532X/1 ). CF acknowledges funding from the NIH ( 5T32HL007093-40 ). LJA acknowledges the support of the Qatar National Research Fund ( NPRP 04-924-3-251 ), which provided the main funding for generating the data that LJA-R contributed to the Global Burden of Disease Study. GC is supported in part by the Biomedical Research Centre of Imperial College National Health Service (NHS) Trust and Medical Research Council STOP-HCV consortium. There was no specific funding for this project. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the UK NHS, UK National Institute for Health Research, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the UK Department of Health.
Funding Information:
GSC has been an investigator on trials of hepatitis C virus therapy sponsored by Boehringer Ingelheim, Gilead, Merck, and Bristol-Myers Squibb, and has acted in an advisory role to Merck, Boehringer Ingelheim, Gilead, Janssen, and WHO in relation to viral hepatitis and clinical trials unrelated to this work. NKM reports research grants from Gilead unrelated to this work and honoraria from AbbVie, Gilead, and Jannsen. JDS reports research grants from Merck unrelated to this work. All other authors declare no competing interests.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2016/9/10
Y1 - 2016/9/10
N2 - Background With recent improvements in vaccines and treatments against viral hepatitis, an improved understanding of the burden of viral hepatitis is needed to inform global intervention strategies. We used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study to estimate morbidity and mortality for acute viral hepatitis, and for cirrhosis and liver cancer caused by viral hepatitis, by age, sex, and country from 1990 to 2013. Methods We estimated mortality using natural history models for acute hepatitis infections and GBD's cause-of-death ensemble model for cirrhosis and liver cancer. We used meta-regression to estimate total cirrhosis and total liver cancer prevalence, as well as the proportion of cirrhosis and liver cancer attributable to each cause. We then estimated cause-specific prevalence as the product of the total prevalence and the proportion attributable to a specific cause. Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were calculated as the sum of years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs). Findings Between 1990 and 2013, global viral hepatitis deaths increased from 0·89 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·86–0·94) to 1·45 million (1·38–1·54); YLLs from 31·0 million (29·6–32·6) to 41·6 million (39·1–44·7); YLDs from 0·65 million (0·45–0·89) to 0·87 million (0·61–1·18); and DALYs from 31·7 million (30·2–33·3) to 42·5 million (39·9–45·6). In 2013, viral hepatitis was the seventh (95% UI seventh to eighth) leading cause of death worldwide, compared with tenth (tenth to 12th) in 1990. Interpretation Viral hepatitis is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Unlike most communicable diseases, the absolute burden and relative rank of viral hepatitis increased between 1990 and 2013. The enormous health loss attributable to viral hepatitis, and the availability of effective vaccines and treatments, suggests an important opportunity to improve public health. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
AB - Background With recent improvements in vaccines and treatments against viral hepatitis, an improved understanding of the burden of viral hepatitis is needed to inform global intervention strategies. We used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study to estimate morbidity and mortality for acute viral hepatitis, and for cirrhosis and liver cancer caused by viral hepatitis, by age, sex, and country from 1990 to 2013. Methods We estimated mortality using natural history models for acute hepatitis infections and GBD's cause-of-death ensemble model for cirrhosis and liver cancer. We used meta-regression to estimate total cirrhosis and total liver cancer prevalence, as well as the proportion of cirrhosis and liver cancer attributable to each cause. We then estimated cause-specific prevalence as the product of the total prevalence and the proportion attributable to a specific cause. Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were calculated as the sum of years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs). Findings Between 1990 and 2013, global viral hepatitis deaths increased from 0·89 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·86–0·94) to 1·45 million (1·38–1·54); YLLs from 31·0 million (29·6–32·6) to 41·6 million (39·1–44·7); YLDs from 0·65 million (0·45–0·89) to 0·87 million (0·61–1·18); and DALYs from 31·7 million (30·2–33·3) to 42·5 million (39·9–45·6). In 2013, viral hepatitis was the seventh (95% UI seventh to eighth) leading cause of death worldwide, compared with tenth (tenth to 12th) in 1990. Interpretation Viral hepatitis is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Unlike most communicable diseases, the absolute burden and relative rank of viral hepatitis increased between 1990 and 2013. The enormous health loss attributable to viral hepatitis, and the availability of effective vaccines and treatments, suggests an important opportunity to improve public health. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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U2 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30579-7
DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30579-7
M3 - Article
C2 - 27394647
AN - SCOPUS:84983671799
SN - 0140-6736
VL - 388
SP - 1081
EP - 1088
JO - The Lancet
JF - The Lancet
IS - 10049
ER -
