The Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test Predicts Braak Stage

Ellen Grober, Qi Qi, Lynn Kuo, Jason Hassenstab, Richard J. Perrin, Richard B. Lipton

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

8 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: The ultimate validation of a clinical marker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is its association with AD neuropathology. Objective: To identify clinical measures that predict pathology, we evaluated the relationships of the picture version of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (pFCSRT + IR), the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), and the Clinical Dementia Rating scale Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) to Braak stage. Methods: 315 cases from the clinicopathologic series at the Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center were classified according to Braak stage. Boxplots of each predictor were compared to identify the earliest stage at which decline was observed and ordinal logistic regression was used to predict Braak stage. Results: Looking at the assessment closest to death, free recall scores were lower in individuals at Braak stage III versus Braak stages 0 and I (combined) while MMSE and CDR scores for individuals did not differ from Braak stages 0/I until Braak stage IV. The sum of free recall and total recall scores independently predicted Braak stage and had higher predictive validity than MMSE and CDR-SB in models including all three. Conclusion: pFCSRT + IR scores may be more sensitive to early pathological changes than either the CDR-SB or the MMSE.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)175-183
Number of pages9
JournalJournal of Alzheimer's Disease
Volume80
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Mar 9 2021

Keywords

  • Alzheimer’s disease, braak stage, clinical dementia rating scale
  • cued selective reminding test, mini-mental state exam, neuropathology
  • sum of boxes, free

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Geriatrics and Gerontology
  • Psychiatry and Mental health
  • Clinical Psychology
  • General Neuroscience

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