TY - JOUR
T1 - Sex-Specific Differences in Redox Homeostasis in Brain Norm and Disease
AU - Ruszkiewicz, Joanna A.
AU - Miranda-Vizuete, Antonio
AU - Tinkov, Alexey A.
AU - Skalnaya, Margarita G.
AU - Skalny, Anatoly V.
AU - Tsatsakis, Aristides
AU - Aschner, Michael
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding information MA was supported by grants from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIEHS R01ES07331, NIEHS R01ES10563, and NIEHS R01ES020852.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2019/2/15
Y1 - 2019/2/15
N2 - Sex differences in brain physiology and by inference various pathologies are generally recognized, however frequently ignored in epidemiological and experimental studies, leading to numerous data gaps. As a consequence, the mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism of neurological diseases remain largely unknown. Several cellular and molecular pathways linked to the etiology and pathogenesis of various brain disorders have been recently described as sex-specific. Here, we review the evidence for sex differences in brain redox homeostasis, which is an important factor in brain physiology and disease. First, we focus on sex-specific differences in the healthy brain regarding popular redox balance markers, including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, oxidative damage, and antioxidant status. We also review the modulatory effect of steroid sex hormones on these markers. Lastly, we approach the sex-specific changes in brain redox homeostasis in disease and discuss the possibility that differential redox response contributes to the sexual dimorphism of neurological disorders.
AB - Sex differences in brain physiology and by inference various pathologies are generally recognized, however frequently ignored in epidemiological and experimental studies, leading to numerous data gaps. As a consequence, the mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism of neurological diseases remain largely unknown. Several cellular and molecular pathways linked to the etiology and pathogenesis of various brain disorders have been recently described as sex-specific. Here, we review the evidence for sex differences in brain redox homeostasis, which is an important factor in brain physiology and disease. First, we focus on sex-specific differences in the healthy brain regarding popular redox balance markers, including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, oxidative damage, and antioxidant status. We also review the modulatory effect of steroid sex hormones on these markers. Lastly, we approach the sex-specific changes in brain redox homeostasis in disease and discuss the possibility that differential redox response contributes to the sexual dimorphism of neurological disorders.
KW - Antioxidant
KW - Brain
KW - Neurodegeneration
KW - Neurotoxicity
KW - Oxidative stress
KW - Sex
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U2 - 10.1007/s12031-018-1241-9
DO - 10.1007/s12031-018-1241-9
M3 - Review article
C2 - 30604380
AN - SCOPUS:85059704159
SN - 0895-8696
VL - 67
SP - 312
EP - 342
JO - Journal of Molecular Neuroscience
JF - Journal of Molecular Neuroscience
IS - 2
ER -