TY - JOUR
T1 - Relationships between neural activation during a reward task and peripheral cytokine levels in youth with diverse psychiatric symptoms
AU - Bradley, Kailyn A.
AU - Stern, Emily R.
AU - Alonso, Carmen M.
AU - Xie, Hui
AU - Kim-Schulze, Seunghee
AU - Gabbay, Vilma
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to thank Lushna Mehra for research coordination and assistance preparing a figure for the manuscript. This study was supported by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) to VG (grant numbers MH095807, MH101479). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the views of the NIMH. The NIMH had no role in the design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, or in the preparation of the manuscript. None.
Funding Information:
This study was supported by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) to VG (grant numbers MH095807 , MH101479 ). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the views of the NIMH. The NIMH had no role in the design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, or in the preparation of the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019
PY - 2019/8
Y1 - 2019/8
N2 - Background: Inflammation has been hypothesized to contribute to reward dysfunction across psychiatric conditions, but little is known about this relationship in youth. Therefore, the present study investigated the associations between general and specific markers of inflammation and neural activation during reward processing, including anticipation and attainment, in youth with diverse psychiatric symptoms. Methods: Forty-six psychotropic medication-free youth with diverse psychiatric symptoms underwent a blood draw to measure 41 cytokines, as well as structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. The Reward Flanker Task examined neural activation during reward anticipation and attainment. Relationships between inflammation and neural activation were assessed using data reduction techniques across the whole-brain, as well as in specific reward regions of interest (basal ganglia, anterior and mid-cingulate cortex [ACC/MCC]). Results: Whole-brain principal component analyses showed that factor 3 (12 cytokines: FGF-2, Flt3-L, fractalkine, GM-CSF, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, IL-3, IL-4, IL-7, IL-17A, MDC, and VEGF) was negatively correlated with precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex activity during anticipation. Factor 2 (11 cytokines: eotaxin, IL-1α, IL-1Rα, IL-2, IL-5, IL-9, IL-12p40, IL-13, IL-15, MCP-3, and TNF-β) was negatively correlated with angular gyrus activity during attainment. ROI analyses additionally showed that multiple cytokines were related to activity in the basal ganglia (EGF, FGF-2, Flt-3L, IL-2, IL-13, IL-15, IL-1Rα, MCP-3) and ACC/MCC (Flt-3L) during attainment. C-reactive protein (CRP) was not associated with neural activation. Conclusions: Investigation of specific markers of immune function showed associations between inflammatory processes and activation of posterior default mode network, prefrontal cortex, and basal ganglia regions during multiple phases of reward processing.
AB - Background: Inflammation has been hypothesized to contribute to reward dysfunction across psychiatric conditions, but little is known about this relationship in youth. Therefore, the present study investigated the associations between general and specific markers of inflammation and neural activation during reward processing, including anticipation and attainment, in youth with diverse psychiatric symptoms. Methods: Forty-six psychotropic medication-free youth with diverse psychiatric symptoms underwent a blood draw to measure 41 cytokines, as well as structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. The Reward Flanker Task examined neural activation during reward anticipation and attainment. Relationships between inflammation and neural activation were assessed using data reduction techniques across the whole-brain, as well as in specific reward regions of interest (basal ganglia, anterior and mid-cingulate cortex [ACC/MCC]). Results: Whole-brain principal component analyses showed that factor 3 (12 cytokines: FGF-2, Flt3-L, fractalkine, GM-CSF, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, IL-3, IL-4, IL-7, IL-17A, MDC, and VEGF) was negatively correlated with precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex activity during anticipation. Factor 2 (11 cytokines: eotaxin, IL-1α, IL-1Rα, IL-2, IL-5, IL-9, IL-12p40, IL-13, IL-15, MCP-3, and TNF-β) was negatively correlated with angular gyrus activity during attainment. ROI analyses additionally showed that multiple cytokines were related to activity in the basal ganglia (EGF, FGF-2, Flt-3L, IL-2, IL-13, IL-15, IL-1Rα, MCP-3) and ACC/MCC (Flt-3L) during attainment. C-reactive protein (CRP) was not associated with neural activation. Conclusions: Investigation of specific markers of immune function showed associations between inflammatory processes and activation of posterior default mode network, prefrontal cortex, and basal ganglia regions during multiple phases of reward processing.
KW - Functional magnetic resonance imaging
KW - Peripheral inflammation
KW - Reward anticipation
KW - Reward attainment
KW - Reward processing
KW - Youth
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85064380978&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85064380978&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.04.014
DO - 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.04.014
M3 - Article
C2 - 30953769
AN - SCOPUS:85064380978
SN - 0889-1591
VL - 80
SP - 374
EP - 383
JO - Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
JF - Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
ER -