Primary Central Nervous System Lymphomas

Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is a non-Hodgkin lymphoma that may develop in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. Early suspicion based on imaging characteristics may improve diagnostic accuracy, avoid inappropriate interventions, and expedite appropriate therapy. Treatment with high dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy, with or without radiotherapy, may result in long-term survival in up to 25% of patients. However, the optimal regimen remains to be determined, and disease relapses and treatment-related CNS neurotoxicity remain common.