Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Influencing Factors among Residents from Erqi District in Zhengzhou

Background: Hypertension is the main cause of the increase in the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and its prevalence is increasing year by year, which results in a serious burden on healthcare system.Objective: To investigate the prevalence of hypertension among residents from Erqi district in Zhengzhou, and analyze its influencing factors.Methods: Using the cluster sampling, 15 370 residents from Erqi district in Zhengzhou were selected by questionnaire and physical examination from July to October of the year 2015.The questionnaire covered gender, age, marital status, occupation, educational level, per capita monthly income, lifestyle (whether it was a high salt diet), family history of hypertension, management of chronic diseases and so on.The physical examination included height, weight, blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI).The prevalence of hypertension and its standardized prevalence rate were calculated.Results: A total of 15 370 questionnaires were distributed and 15 328 valid questionnaires were collected.The effective recovery rate was 99.73%.Among 15 328 residents, 2 132 (13.91%) residents were with hypertension and the standardized prevalence rate was 13.91%; the prevalence of hypertension in males was 14.69% (1 144/7 789) and its standardized prevalence rate was 7.03%, while the prevalence of hypertension in females was 13.11% (988/7 539) and its standardized prevalence rate was 6.88%.The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that influencing factors of hypertension included gender〔OR=0.831, 95%CI (0.739, 0.933)〕, age〔45-54 years old: OR=2.501, 95%CI (2.004, 3.122); 55-64 years old: OR=5.058, 95%CI (4.024, 6.358); ≥65 years old: OR=11.642, 95%CI (9.261, 14.634)〕, marital status〔widowed person: OR=2.020, 95%CI (1.101, 3.705)〕, occupation〔self-employed entrepreneur/share holder: OR=2.108, 95%CI (1.511, 2.939); housework/retire/re-employment: OR=1.545, 95%CI (1.276, 1.870)〕, per capita monthly income〔3 000-4 999 yuan: OR=0.777, 95%CI (0.663, 0.909); ≥5 000 yuan: OR=0.788, 95%CI (0.687, 0.903)〕, high salt diet〔OR=1.916, 95%CI (1.492, 1.914)〕, family history of hypertension〔OR=11.523, 95%CI (10.182, 13.040)〕, management of chronic diseases〔OR=14.761, 95%CI(12.121, 17.967)〕 and BMI〔24.0-27.9 kg/m²: OR=1.690, 95%CI (1.492, 1.914); ≥28.0 kg/m²: OR=2.952, 95%CI (2.490, 3.499)〕 (P<0.05).Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension is low among residents from Erqi district in Zhengzhou.Male, age (≥65 years old), widowed person, self-employed entrepreneur/share holder, housework/retire/re-employment, per capita monthly income ≤2 999 yuan, high salt diet, family history of hypertension, management of chronic diseases and BMI ≥24 kg/m² are the associated risk factors for hypertension prevalence.