TY - JOUR
T1 - Obesity Tissue
T2 - Composition, Energy Expenditure, and Energy Content in Adult Humans
AU - Hwaung, Phoenix
AU - Bosy-Westphal, Anja
AU - Muller, Manfred J.
AU - Geisler, Corinna
AU - Heo, Moonseong
AU - Thomas, Diana M.
AU - Kennedy, Samantha
AU - Heymsfield, Steven B.
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding agencies: This work was partially supported by National Institutes of Health Nutrition Obesity Research Center (NORC) Grants P30DK072476, Pennington/ Louisiana; P30DK040561, Harvard; and R01DK109008, Shape UP! Adults. Disclosure: The authors declared no conflict of interest. Author contributions: PH, ABW, MJM, CG, MH, DMT, SK, and SBH designed the research; PH, ABW, MJM, CG, SK, and SBH conducted the research; PH, ABW, MJM, CG, and SBH provided essential materials; PH, MH, DT, and SBH analyzed the data; all authors wrote the manuscript and have primary responsibility for the final content. Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article. Received: 18 February 2019; Accepted: 15 May 2019; Published online 19 July 2019. doi:10.1002/oby.22557
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Obesity Society
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Objective: Chronic positive energy balance leads to obesity, and the “excess” weight is usually described as consisting solely of adipose tissue (AT) or its two components, fat and fat-free mass (nonfat cell mass, extracellular fluid). This study aimed to clarify the nature of “obesity” tissue. Methods: A total of 333 adults had AT, skin, skeletal muscle, bone, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, brain, and residual mass measured or derived using magnetic resonance imaging and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. First, associations between these components and AT were examined by developing multiple regression models. Next, obesity-tissue composition was developed by deriving mean component mass differences between participant groups with normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and those with obesity (BMI > 29.9 kg/m2); respective resting energy expenditures and metabolizable energy and protein contents were calculated. Results: AT significantly predicted organ-tissue mass in 17 of 18 multiple regression models. In addition to AT and skeletal muscle, the following associations were found: skin, liver, and bone were main contributors to obesity-tissue composition; liver, kidneys, and heart to resting energy expenditure; and skin, liver, and bone to metabolizable energy and protein contents. A pronounced sexual dimorphism was present in all three models. Conclusions: Obesity is characterized not only by excess AT but by increases in the masses of other “companion” organs and tissues and their related metabolic properties.
AB - Objective: Chronic positive energy balance leads to obesity, and the “excess” weight is usually described as consisting solely of adipose tissue (AT) or its two components, fat and fat-free mass (nonfat cell mass, extracellular fluid). This study aimed to clarify the nature of “obesity” tissue. Methods: A total of 333 adults had AT, skin, skeletal muscle, bone, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, brain, and residual mass measured or derived using magnetic resonance imaging and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. First, associations between these components and AT were examined by developing multiple regression models. Next, obesity-tissue composition was developed by deriving mean component mass differences between participant groups with normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and those with obesity (BMI > 29.9 kg/m2); respective resting energy expenditures and metabolizable energy and protein contents were calculated. Results: AT significantly predicted organ-tissue mass in 17 of 18 multiple regression models. In addition to AT and skeletal muscle, the following associations were found: skin, liver, and bone were main contributors to obesity-tissue composition; liver, kidneys, and heart to resting energy expenditure; and skin, liver, and bone to metabolizable energy and protein contents. A pronounced sexual dimorphism was present in all three models. Conclusions: Obesity is characterized not only by excess AT but by increases in the masses of other “companion” organs and tissues and their related metabolic properties.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85069723872&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85069723872&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/oby.22557
DO - 10.1002/oby.22557
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85069723872
SN - 1930-7381
VL - 27
SP - 1472
EP - 1481
JO - Obesity
JF - Obesity
IS - 9
ER -
