Neuronal Network Mechanisms-Sex and Development

The brain is organized into neuronal networks, many of which have a specific task and function. Neuronal networks are further modified through cross-interactions among them but also with other systems, biologic or experiential factors, in a manner that allows their progressive maturation and adaptation. As a result, age and sex are pivotal factors that determine network response and function. Here, we will describe some of the basic features and advances made in our understanding of basal ganglia, hippocampal, and corticothalamic networks, and we will discuss their implication in certain disease processes, such as epilepsy, and some of the known mechanisms underlying the age- and sex-specific adaptation of these networks.