@article{284e851ad55545138d44799b7879126a,
title = "In vivo 1H MRS study of potential associations between glutathione, oxidative stress and anhedonia in major depressive disorder",
abstract = "Inflammation and oxidative stress are important mechanisms that have been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant antioxidant in human tissue, and a key index of antioxidant capacity and, hence, of oxidative stress. The aims of this investigation were to examine possible relationships between occipital GSH and dimensional measures of depressive symptom severity, including anhedonia - the reduced capacity to experience pleasure - and fatigue. We hypothesized that the magnitude of anhedonia and fatigue will be negatively correlated with occipital GSH levels in subjects with MDD and healthy controls (HC). Data for eleven adults with MDD and ten age- and sex-matched HC subjects were included in this secondary analysis of data from a previously published study. In vivo levels of GSH in a 3cm×3cm×2cm voxel of occipital cortex were obtained by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) on a 3T MR system, using the standard J-edited spin-echo difference technique. Anhedonia was assessed by combining interest items from depression and fatigue rating scales, and fatigue by use of the multidimensional fatigue inventory. Across the full sample of participants, anhedonia severity and occipital GSH levels were negatively correlated (r=-0.55, p=0.01). No associations were found between fatigue severity and GSH in this sample. These preliminary findings are potentially consistent with a pathophysiological role for GSH and oxidative stress in anhedonia and MDD. Larger studies in anhedonic depressed patients are indicated.",
keywords = "Anhedonia, GSH, Glutathione, MRS, Oxidative stress",
author = "Lapidus, {Kyle A.B.} and Vilma Gabbay and Xiangling Mao and Amy Johnson and Murrough, {James W.} and Mathew, {Sanjay J.} and Shungu, {Dikoma C.}",
note = "Funding Information: Dr. Lapidus has received research support from the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation, APIRE/Janssen, and the Le Foundation; he has received consulting fees from LCN consulting and serves on the advisory board for Halo Neuro, Inc. Dr. Murrough has received research support from the National Institutes of Health, the National Institute of Mental Health, the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation, Janssen Research and Development, and Avanir Pharmaceuticals; he has served on advisory boards for Janssen Research and Development and Genentech and has provided consultation services for ProPhase, LLC and Impel Neuropharma. Dr. Mathew has received consulting fees or research support in the past 12 months from AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Genentech, and Naurex. The other authors have no conflicts to report. Funding Information: Contract/grant sponsors included the Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome (CFIDS) Association of America, Inc. and the National Institutes of Health (contract/grant number: R01 MH-075895, K23 MH-069656). We thank the patients who participated in this study and Mr Josefino Borja for his valuable contribution in operating the MRI scanner. Dr. Lapidus receives support from a NARSAD Young Investigator Award from the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation. Dr. Gabbay and Ms. Johnson are supported by R01 MH-095807. Dr. Mathew is supported by the Marjorie Bintliff Johnson and Raleigh White Johnson, Jr. Chair for Research in Psychiatry at Baylor College of Medicine, and with resources and the use of facilities at the Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX. Dr. Murrough is supported by NIH grant K23 MH-094707.",
year = "2014",
month = may,
day = "21",
doi = "10.1016/j.neulet.2014.03.056",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "569",
pages = "74--79",
journal = "Neuroscience Letters",
issn = "0304-3940",
publisher = "Elsevier Ireland Ltd",
}