Abstract
Heart rate not only predicts outcome but may also be a therapeutic target in patients with chronic heart failure. Several classes of pharmacological agents can be used to modulate heart rate, including beta-blockers, ivabradine, digoxin, amiodarone, and verapamil. Choice of agent will depend on heart rhythm, co-morbidities, and disease phenotype. Beneficial and harmful interactions may also exist. The aim of this paper is to summarize the current body of knowledge regarding the relevance of heart rate as a prognostic factor (risk marker) and particularly as a therapeutic target (riskfactor) in patients with chronic heart failure, with a special focus on ivabradine, a novel agent that is currently the only available purely bra-dycardic agent.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 76-85 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | European Journal of Heart Failure |
Volume | 16 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jan 2014 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Amiodarone
- Beta-blockers
- Chronic heart failure
- Digoxin
- Heart rate
- Heart rate-lowering drugs
- Ivabradine
- Verapamil
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine