Abstract
The effects of soccer-related head impacts, beyond overt concussions, on Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) have not been explored to date. Generalized estimating equations were employed to determine the association between soccer-related head impacts (headers in the prior 2 weeks, unintentional head impacts in the prior 2 weeks, headers in the prior 12 months and lifetime concussions) on PROs including depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance and sleep impairment. Compared to players with no unintentional head impacts in the prior 2 weeks, players with one unintentional exposure reported more symptoms of anxiety (p = 0.002) and players with 2+ exposures reported more symptoms of depression (p = 0.006) and anxiety (p < 0.001). In contrast, players in the 3rd Quartile of 12 mo. headers reported less anxiety (p = 0.001), sleep disturbance (p = 0.002) and sleep impairment (p < 0.001) compared to those in the 1st quartile. Unintentional head impacts are associated with worse PROs while more headers are paradoxically associated with better PROs.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 390-400 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | Research in Sports Medicine |
Volume | 26 |
Issue number | 4 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Oct 2 2018 |
Keywords
- Patient Reported Outcomes
- soccer
- traumatic brain injuries
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
- Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation