Abstract
Aims/hypothesis. Glycated proteins, formed by reaction of glucose and protein, react further yielding numerous, mostly undefined advanced glycation end products (AGE). The recently characterized imidazolone-type AGE (AG-1) is non-oxidatively formed involving 3-deoxyglucosone whereas some AGEs, particularly N(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), are formed only in the presence of oxygen. Methods. To study the possible contribution of oxidative and non-oxidative AGE formation in the development of diabetic retinopathy antibodies directed against CML-type and imidazolone-type AGEs were characterized by dot blot analysis and used to localize these well- characterized epitops in the retinas from diabetic rats (early course) and from human Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus with laser-treated proliferative diabetic retinopathy (late course). Results. In non-diabetic rats CML was moderately positive in neuroglial and vascular structures of non-diabetic rat retinas and increased strongly in diabetic retinas. Anti- imidiazolone antibody staining was strongly positive only in diabetic capillaries. Advanced human diabetic retinopathy showed strong CML- immunolabelling of the entire retina whereas control samples showed moderate staining of neuroglial structures only with the polyclonal CML-antibody. Anti-imidiazolone antibody staining was faint in the inner retina of control sections but were strong throughout the entire diabetic retina. Immunolabelling for the AGE-receptor was congruent with a marker of Muller cells. Conclusion/interpretation. Our data indicate that the oxidatively formed CML is present in non-diabetic retinas as a regular constituent but increases in diabetes both in neuroglial and vascular components. Imidazolone-type AGE are restricted to microvessels and spread during later stages over the entire retina, co-localizing with the expression of AGE- receptor.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 728-736 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Diabetologia |
Volume | 42 |
Issue number | 6 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 1999 |
Keywords
- Advanced glycation end products
- Carboxymethyllysine
- Extracellular matrix
- Oxidative stress
- Retinopathy
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Internal Medicine
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism