TY - JOUR
T1 - Decreased bone mineral density and increased fracture risk in aging men with or at risk for HIV infection
AU - Arnsten, Julia H.
AU - Freeman, Ruth
AU - Howard, Andrea A.
AU - Floris-Moore, Michelle
AU - Lo, Yungtai
AU - Klein, Robert S.
PY - 2007/3
Y1 - 2007/3
N2 - BACKGROUND: Osteopenia has been described in HIV-infected persons, but most studies have not focused on aging men, have not included an HIV-negative comparison group with similar risks to those of the HIV-infected men, or lacked data on fracture rates. METHODS: We analyzed bone mineral density (BMD) and incident fractures in 559 men who were ≥ 49 years old with or at-risk for HIV, including 328 with and 231 without HIV infection. RESULTS: Median age was 55 years, 56% were black and 89% had used illicit drugs. In unadjusted analysis, BMD was lower in HIV-infected compared with HIV-uninfected men at the femoral neck (0.97 ± 0.14 versus 1.00 ± 0.15 g/cm; P < 0.05) and lumbar spine (1.17 ± 0.20 versus 1.20 ± 0.21 g/cm; P = 0.06); both differences were significant (P < 0.05) after adjusting for age, weight, race, testosterone level, and prednisone and illicit drug use. Non-black race and body weight were independently associated with BMD at both measurement sites and methadone therapy was independently associated with spine BMD. Among HIV-infected men, 87% had taken antiretrovirals and 74% had taken protease inhibitors, but their use was not associated with BMD. Among men who had at least one subsequent study visit (94%), incident fracture rates per 100 person-years differed among men with normal BMD, osteopenia and osteoporosis (1.4 versus 3.6 versus 6.5; P < 0.01). A 38% increase in fracture rate among HIV-infected men was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: HIV infection is independently associated with modestly reduced BMD in aging men, and decreased BMD is associated with increased fracture risk.
AB - BACKGROUND: Osteopenia has been described in HIV-infected persons, but most studies have not focused on aging men, have not included an HIV-negative comparison group with similar risks to those of the HIV-infected men, or lacked data on fracture rates. METHODS: We analyzed bone mineral density (BMD) and incident fractures in 559 men who were ≥ 49 years old with or at-risk for HIV, including 328 with and 231 without HIV infection. RESULTS: Median age was 55 years, 56% were black and 89% had used illicit drugs. In unadjusted analysis, BMD was lower in HIV-infected compared with HIV-uninfected men at the femoral neck (0.97 ± 0.14 versus 1.00 ± 0.15 g/cm; P < 0.05) and lumbar spine (1.17 ± 0.20 versus 1.20 ± 0.21 g/cm; P = 0.06); both differences were significant (P < 0.05) after adjusting for age, weight, race, testosterone level, and prednisone and illicit drug use. Non-black race and body weight were independently associated with BMD at both measurement sites and methadone therapy was independently associated with spine BMD. Among HIV-infected men, 87% had taken antiretrovirals and 74% had taken protease inhibitors, but their use was not associated with BMD. Among men who had at least one subsequent study visit (94%), incident fracture rates per 100 person-years differed among men with normal BMD, osteopenia and osteoporosis (1.4 versus 3.6 versus 6.5; P < 0.01). A 38% increase in fracture rate among HIV-infected men was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: HIV infection is independently associated with modestly reduced BMD in aging men, and decreased BMD is associated with increased fracture risk.
KW - Antiretroviral therapy
KW - Bone fractures
KW - Bone mineral density
KW - Opiate dependence
KW - Osteopenia
KW - Osteoporosis
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=33847184870&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3280148c05
DO - 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3280148c05
M3 - Article
C2 - 17314524
AN - SCOPUS:33847184870
SN - 0269-9370
VL - 21
SP - 617
EP - 623
JO - AIDS
JF - AIDS
IS - 5
ER -