TY - JOUR
T1 - Bipolar spectrum disorders in patients diagnosed with velo-cardio- facial syndrome
T2 - Does a hemizygous deletion of chromosome 22q11 result in bipolar affective disorder?
AU - Papolos, Demitri F.
AU - Faedda, Gianni L.
AU - Veit, Sabine
AU - Goldberg, Rosalie
AU - Morrow, Bernice
AU - Kucherlapati, Raju
AU - Shprintzen, Robert J.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 1996/12
Y1 - 1996/12
N2 - Objective: The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic assessment of psychiatric illness in patients diagnosed with velo-cardio- facial syndrome, a genetic syndrome that involves over 40 somatic anomalies, learning disabilities, and behavioral disorders and is associated with a microdeletion on chromosome 22q11. Method: Subjects were referred for psychiatric diagnostic evaluation without regard to age or previous psychiatric history. In order to establish DSM-III-R consensus clinical diagnoses for patients who ranged in age from 5 to 34 years, the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-Revised or the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID) was used. A review of available medical and psychiatric records and a clinical interview performed by two research psychiatrists to validate specific symptoms and syndromes reported in the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-Revised and the SCID were used to elucidate the chronological appearance and duration of symptoms. Results: Sixty-four percent (N=16 of 25) of this unselected series of patients with velo-cardio-facial syndrome met DSM-III-R criteria for a spectrum of bipolar disorders with full syndromal onset in late childhood or early adolescence (mean age at onset=12 years, SD=3). In addition, 20% (N=5) met DSM-III-R criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), while 16% (N=4) met criteria for attention deficit disorder without hyperactivity. In contrast to previous reports of a high prevalence of schizophrenia, none of the patients was diagnosed with schizophrenia, and only four had psychotic symptoms during a phase of their illness, all in their 20s or 30s. Conclusions: Given that the prevalence of bipolar disorder in the general population is estimated to be 1.5% and that the average age at onset is 24, these findings support an unusually strong association between velo-cardio-facial syndrome and early-onset bipolar disorder and suggest that a gene deleted at the 22q11 chromosomal locus may be involved in its pathogenesis. If confirmed, these findings may provide a new and fruitful line of investigation into the molecular basis of bipolar spectrum disorders.
AB - Objective: The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic assessment of psychiatric illness in patients diagnosed with velo-cardio- facial syndrome, a genetic syndrome that involves over 40 somatic anomalies, learning disabilities, and behavioral disorders and is associated with a microdeletion on chromosome 22q11. Method: Subjects were referred for psychiatric diagnostic evaluation without regard to age or previous psychiatric history. In order to establish DSM-III-R consensus clinical diagnoses for patients who ranged in age from 5 to 34 years, the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-Revised or the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID) was used. A review of available medical and psychiatric records and a clinical interview performed by two research psychiatrists to validate specific symptoms and syndromes reported in the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-Revised and the SCID were used to elucidate the chronological appearance and duration of symptoms. Results: Sixty-four percent (N=16 of 25) of this unselected series of patients with velo-cardio-facial syndrome met DSM-III-R criteria for a spectrum of bipolar disorders with full syndromal onset in late childhood or early adolescence (mean age at onset=12 years, SD=3). In addition, 20% (N=5) met DSM-III-R criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), while 16% (N=4) met criteria for attention deficit disorder without hyperactivity. In contrast to previous reports of a high prevalence of schizophrenia, none of the patients was diagnosed with schizophrenia, and only four had psychotic symptoms during a phase of their illness, all in their 20s or 30s. Conclusions: Given that the prevalence of bipolar disorder in the general population is estimated to be 1.5% and that the average age at onset is 24, these findings support an unusually strong association between velo-cardio-facial syndrome and early-onset bipolar disorder and suggest that a gene deleted at the 22q11 chromosomal locus may be involved in its pathogenesis. If confirmed, these findings may provide a new and fruitful line of investigation into the molecular basis of bipolar spectrum disorders.
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U2 - 10.1176/ajp.153.12.1541
DO - 10.1176/ajp.153.12.1541
M3 - Article
C2 - 8942449
AN - SCOPUS:0029853761
SN - 0002-953X
VL - 153
SP - 1541
EP - 1547
JO - American Journal of Psychiatry
JF - American Journal of Psychiatry
IS - 12
ER -