Arterial wave reflection in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected rwandan women

To assess differences in arterial wave reflection, a marker of atherosclerosis, in HIV-positive and HIV-negative Rwandan women, applanation tonometry was performed on 276 HIV⁺ and 67 HIV^- participants. Radial artery pressure waveforms were recorded and central aortic waveforms were derived by validated transfer function. Central augmentation index (C-AI), central pulse pressure (C-PP), and peripheral augmentation index (P-AI) were measured. HIV⁺ participants were younger and had lower diastolic blood pressure (BP) and 41% of the HIV⁺ women were taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). Mean C-AI and P-AI were significantly lower in HIV-infected than in uninfected participants (20.3±12.0 vs. 25.5±12.1, p=0.002 and 74.6±18.8 vs. 83.7±20.0, p<0.001). After age matching, C-AI, C-PP, and P-AI were similar among the groups. On multivariate analysis, age, heart rate, weight, and mean arterial pressure were independently associated with C-AI (R²=0.33, p<0.0001). Among HIV-infected women, current CD4 count did not correlate with C-AI (Rho=-0.01, p=0.84), C-PP (Rho=0.09, p=0.16), or P-AI (Rho=-0.01, p=0.83). In conclusion, HIV infection was not associated with increased arterial wave reflection in women with little exposure to antiretroviral therapy and without CV risk factors. Whether long-term ART increases measures of arterial stiffness remains unknown.