TY - JOUR
T1 - Anxious Depression and Neurocognition among Middle-Aged and Older Hispanic/Latino Adults
T2 - Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Results
AU - Camacho, Alvaro
AU - Tarraf, Wassim
AU - Jimenez, Daniel E.
AU - Gallo, Linda C.
AU - Gonzalez, Patricia
AU - Kaplan, Robert C.
AU - Lamar, Melissa
AU - Khambaty, Tasneem
AU - Thyagarajan, Bharat
AU - Perreira, Krista M.
AU - Hernandez, Rosalba
AU - Cai, Jianwen
AU - Daviglus, Martha L.
AU - Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia
AU - González, Hector M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry
PY - 2018/2
Y1 - 2018/2
N2 - Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the association between verbal learning, fluency, and processing speed with anxious depression symptomatology (ADS) among diverse Hispanics. We hypothesized an inverse association of anxious depression with neurocognition among Hispanics of different heritage. Design: Data are from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. The sample included 9,311participants aged 45–74 years (mean: 56.5 years). A latent class analysis of items from the Center for Epidemiological Studies for Depression scale and the Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to derive an anxious depression construct. Neurocognitive measures included scores on the Brief Spanish English Verbal Learning Test (B-SEVLT, learning and recall trials), Word Fluency (WF), Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS) test, and a Global Cognitive Score (GCS). We fit survey linear regression models to test the associations between anxious depression symptomatology and cognitive function. We tested for effect modification by sex, Hispanic heritage, and age groups. Results: Among men, 71.6% reported low, 23.3% moderate, and 5.1% high ADS. Among women, 55.1% reported low, 33.2% moderate, and 11.8% high ADS. After controlling for age, sex, sociodemographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors and disease, and antidepressant use, we found significant inverse associations between moderate and high anxious depression (ref:low) with B-SEVLT learning and recall, DSS and GCS. Moderate, but not high, anxious depression was inversely associated with WF. Associations were not modified by sex, Hispanic heritage, or age. Conclusions: Increased anxious depression symptomatology is associated with decreased neurocognitive function among Hispanics. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish temporality and infer if negative emotional symptoms precede cognitive deficits.
AB - Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the association between verbal learning, fluency, and processing speed with anxious depression symptomatology (ADS) among diverse Hispanics. We hypothesized an inverse association of anxious depression with neurocognition among Hispanics of different heritage. Design: Data are from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. The sample included 9,311participants aged 45–74 years (mean: 56.5 years). A latent class analysis of items from the Center for Epidemiological Studies for Depression scale and the Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to derive an anxious depression construct. Neurocognitive measures included scores on the Brief Spanish English Verbal Learning Test (B-SEVLT, learning and recall trials), Word Fluency (WF), Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS) test, and a Global Cognitive Score (GCS). We fit survey linear regression models to test the associations between anxious depression symptomatology and cognitive function. We tested for effect modification by sex, Hispanic heritage, and age groups. Results: Among men, 71.6% reported low, 23.3% moderate, and 5.1% high ADS. Among women, 55.1% reported low, 33.2% moderate, and 11.8% high ADS. After controlling for age, sex, sociodemographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors and disease, and antidepressant use, we found significant inverse associations between moderate and high anxious depression (ref:low) with B-SEVLT learning and recall, DSS and GCS. Moderate, but not high, anxious depression was inversely associated with WF. Associations were not modified by sex, Hispanic heritage, or age. Conclusions: Increased anxious depression symptomatology is associated with decreased neurocognitive function among Hispanics. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish temporality and infer if negative emotional symptoms precede cognitive deficits.
KW - Anxious depression
KW - Hispanic/Latinos
KW - dysphoria
KW - neurocognition
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85023782244&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jagp.2017.06.002
DO - 10.1016/j.jagp.2017.06.002
M3 - Article
C2 - 28684241
AN - SCOPUS:85023782244
SN - 1064-7481
VL - 26
SP - 238
EP - 249
JO - American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
JF - American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
IS - 2
ER -