TY - JOUR
T1 - Adrenal infections
AU - Paolo, William F.
AU - Nosanchuk, Joshua D.
N1 - Funding Information:
JDN is supported in part by NIH AI056070-01A2, an Albert Einstein College of Medicine Center for AIDS Research grant, and an Infectious Disease Society of America Wyeth Vaccine Young Investigator Research Award. Adrenal images kindly provided by Dr J.S. Nosanchuk and Dr B.A. Summers, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
PY - 2006/9
Y1 - 2006/9
N2 - Adrenal infections are an important but under-recognized clinical entity. The adrenal gland can be infected by a myriad of pathogens including fungi, viruses, parasites, and bacteria. Infection can directly or indirectly cause tissue damage and alteration in endocrine function. Direct damage occurs via microbial replication and local production of toxic compounds, such as endotoxins. Indirect damage results from alterations in the regulation of a host's immunologic and endocrine mediators in response to damage by a microbe at a distant site. Variations in pathogen tropism, adrenal anatomy, and host immune integrity contribute to the progression of active disease and discernable adrenal dysfunction. Early recognition and intervention in the case of adrenal infection can significantly improve outcome, demonstrating the need for increased clinical suspicion in the appropriate clinical setting.
AB - Adrenal infections are an important but under-recognized clinical entity. The adrenal gland can be infected by a myriad of pathogens including fungi, viruses, parasites, and bacteria. Infection can directly or indirectly cause tissue damage and alteration in endocrine function. Direct damage occurs via microbial replication and local production of toxic compounds, such as endotoxins. Indirect damage results from alterations in the regulation of a host's immunologic and endocrine mediators in response to damage by a microbe at a distant site. Variations in pathogen tropism, adrenal anatomy, and host immune integrity contribute to the progression of active disease and discernable adrenal dysfunction. Early recognition and intervention in the case of adrenal infection can significantly improve outcome, demonstrating the need for increased clinical suspicion in the appropriate clinical setting.
KW - Adrenal gland
KW - Adrenal infection
KW - Adrenal insufficiency
KW - Adrenalitis
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ijid.2005.08.001
DO - 10.1016/j.ijid.2005.08.001
M3 - Review article
C2 - 16483815
AN - SCOPUS:33746877169
SN - 1201-9712
VL - 10
SP - 343
EP - 353
JO - International Journal of Infectious Diseases
JF - International Journal of Infectious Diseases
IS - 5
ER -
